Liu Yuanxin, Lü Yihe, Zhao Mingyue, Fu Bojie
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 19;14:1127808. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127808. eCollection 2023.
Human activities and environmental change can impact the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) as pressures. Understanding the mechanisms of these impacts is crucial to support ecological conservation and restoration policy and applications. In this study, we highlighted the contribution of vegetation to mitigating these impacts on ESs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) of China. First, we identified hot and cold spots of pressures from human activities and environmental factors and mapped the cumulative provision of five ESs (i.e., water yield, soil retention, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and landscape aesthetics). Then, we clustered these ESs into five bundles based on their supply level. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was used to quantify the pathways of multiple pressures on ESs. The results indicated that 1) for 2000, 2010 and 2019, the percentages of hot spots with high pressure were 28.88%, 27.59% and 45.66% respectively, with significant spatial heterogeneity from northwest to southeast; 2) both regions with high and low cumulative ES values experienced increased volatility; and 3) the joint effects of multiple pressures shaped ESs through pressure-ES (direct) and pressure-vegetation-ES (indirect) pathways. Specifically, precipitation had the largest positive effect on regulating services ( ≥ 0.76), and landscape fragmentation had the largest negative effect on cultural services (-0.10 ≤ ≤ -0.07). Vegetation played an important role in modulating multiple pressures on ESs. This study contributes to ecosystem management by effectively coping with anthropogenic and environmental pressures and sustaining the supply of ESs, particularly in alpine and plateau regions.
人类活动和环境变化会作为压力影响生态系统服务（ESs）的供给。了解这些影响的机制对于支持生态保护和恢复政策及应用至关重要。在本研究中，我们强调了植被对减轻中国青藏高原（QTP）地区这些对生态系统服务的影响所做的贡献。首先，我们确定了来自人类活动和环境因素的压力热点和冷点，并绘制了五种生态系统服务（即产水量、土壤保持、碳固存、栖息地质量和景观美学）的累积供给情况。然后，我们根据其供给水平将这些生态系统服务聚类为五个束。此外，我们使用结构方程模型来量化多种压力对生态系统服务的作用途径。结果表明：1）2000年、2010年和2019年，高压热点区域的占比分别为28.88%、27.59%和45.66%，从西北向东南存在显著的空间异质性；2）生态系统服务累积值高和低的区域波动性均有所增加；3）多种压力的共同作用通过压力-生态系统服务（直接）和压力-植被-生态系统服务（间接）途径塑造了生态系统服务。具体而言，降水对调节服务的正向影响最大（≥0.76），景观破碎化对文化服务的负向影响最大（-0.10≤≤-0.07）。植被在调节多种对生态系统服务的压力方面发挥了重要作用。本研究通过有效应对人为和环境压力以及维持生态系统服务的供给，特别是在高山和高原地区，为生态系统管理做出了贡献。
