State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10;650(Pt 1):1029-1040. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.082. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
Vegetation restoration often has a significant effect on the supply of an ecosystem service (ES). Assessment of this effect is crucial for informed decision-making in sustainable ecosystem management. In this respect, this study analyses three regulating, two provisioning, and a single cultural ES over a 30-year period (1985 to 2015, with 15 years pre-restoration and 15 years post-restoration) in the Loess Plateau, China, using data from a combination of modelling and statistical yearbooks. On applying a suite of standard statistical tools, results indicate: (1) regional scale restoration promotes the increase of vegetation cover as the coverage increased faster between 2000 and 2015 than between 1985 and 2000; (2) vegetation restoration changes the temporal trend of regulating ESs, and enhances the supply of provisioning and cultural ESs; (3) the 40 municipalities of the Loess Plateau can be divided into four ES categories where areas with poor ES delivery account for about 30% of the Loess Plateau; (4) vegetation restoration changes the interaction among ESs, resulting in synergistic relationships between provisioning and regulating ESs; (5) precipitation has a significant impact on regulating ESs, while population density is critical for provisioning and cultural ESs. This study demonstrates that ESs, their interactions and their groupings can change across both time and space following the implementation of a vegetation restoration programme, which makes understanding ES dynamics complicated. Recommendations are provided for improved and coherent ecosystem management.
植被恢复通常对生态系统服务（ES）的供给有显著影响。评估这种影响对于可持续生态系统管理中的明智决策至关重要。在这方面，本研究通过建模和统计年鉴相结合的数据，在中国黄土高原地区分析了三个调节服务、两个供给服务和一个文化服务，跨度为 30 年（1985 年至 2015 年，其中前恢复 15 年和后恢复 15 年）。应用一系列标准统计工具的结果表明：（1）区域尺度的恢复促进了植被覆盖的增加，因为 2000 年至 2015 年间的覆盖率增加速度比 1985 年至 2000 年间更快；（2）植被恢复改变了调节服务的时间趋势，并增强了供给和文化服务的供给；（3）黄土高原的 40 个城市可以分为四个 ES 类别，其中 ES 供应较差的地区约占黄土高原的 30%；（4）植被恢复改变了 ES 之间的相互作用，导致供给和调节 ES 之间存在协同关系；（5）降水对调节服务有显著影响，而人口密度对供给和文化服务至关重要。本研究表明，在实施植被恢复计划后，ES 及其相互作用及其分组可以随时间和空间发生变化，这使得理解 ES 动态变得复杂。为了改善和协调生态系统管理，提出了一些建议。
