Harada Tsutomu
Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 18;13:1063525. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1063525. eCollection 2022.
This study examined the effects of risk-taking and exploitation/exploration trade-off on divergent thinking in individuals, dyads, and triads. We adopted a simple Q-learning model to estimate risk attitudes, exploitation, and exploration parameters. The results showed that risk-taking, exploitation, and exploration did not affect divergent thinking in dyads. Instead, loss aversion was negatively related to divergent thinking. In contrast, risk attitudes and the inverse temperature as a ratio between exploitation and exploration were significant but with contrasting effects in individuals and triads. For individuals, risk-taking, exploitation and loss aversion played a critical role in divergent thinking. For triads, risk aversion and exploration were significantly related to divergent thinking. However, the results also indicated that balancing risk with exploitation/exploration and loss aversion is critical in enhancing divergent thinking in individuals and triads when learning coherence emerges. These results could be interpreted consistently with related literature such as the odd-vs. even-numbered group dynamics, knowledge diversity in group creativity, and representational change theory in insight problem-solving.
本研究考察了冒险以及利用/探索权衡对个体、二元组和三元组发散性思维的影响。我们采用了一个简单的Q学习模型来估计风险态度、利用和探索参数。结果表明，冒险、利用和探索对二元组的发散性思维没有影响。相反，损失厌恶与发散性思维呈负相关。相比之下，风险态度以及作为利用与探索之比的逆温度在个体和三元组中具有显著影响，但作用相反。对于个体而言，冒险、利用和损失厌恶在发散性思维中起关键作用。对于三元组而言，风险厌恶和探索与发散性思维显著相关。然而，结果还表明，当学习连贯性出现时，在个体和三元组中平衡风险与利用/探索以及损失厌恶对于增强发散性思维至关重要。这些结果可以与相关文献如奇数与偶数群体动态、群体创造力中的知识多样性以及顿悟问题解决中的表征变化理论进行一致的解释。
