Michalik Kamil, Szczepan Stefan, Markowski Maciej, Zatoń Marek
Department of Human Motor Skills, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 18;14:1049237. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049237. eCollection 2023.
The purpose of this study was to compare body composition components and anaerobic capacity indices in elite motorcycle speedway riders before and after the competitive season. This study included 12 volunteer male motorcycle speedway riders from the highest speedway league in Poland (PGE Speedway Ekstraliga) (age: 22.7 ± 6.0 years, body height: 171.3 ± 4.0 cm, body weight: 62.5 ± 3.1 kg). Before and after the competitive season, an assessment of body composition and Wingate test (WAnT) on a cycle ergometer with analysis of acute cardiorespiratory and biochemical responses was conducted. Sport level for all riders was defined by the number of heats won (WS), the total number of points scored in all heats including bonus points (PTS + B), and the percentage of heats won (%W). The motorcycle speedway riders participated in an average of 75.3 ± 15.0 total heats (HS) and obtained PTS + B equal 136.8 ± 48.2. The anaerobic performance, body composition, cardiorespiratory and biochemical responses did not changed after the competitive season. The significant statistical correlations were noted between the differences in the Fatigue Index during WAnT and total number of heats (r = -0.61) and with PTS + B (r = -0.58). Positively correlations were observed also between HS and differences: fat mass (FM) (r = 0.60) and percentage of fat mass (r = 0.61) (all < 0.05). These findings reveal that the HS during the competitive season is related to the stabilization of anaerobic capacity in the WAnT. The HS is positively correlated with an increase in fat mass, and additional fat mass can adversely affect athletic performance in speedway.
本研究的目的是比较精英摩托车越野赛车手在赛季前后的身体成分组成和无氧能力指标。本研究纳入了12名来自波兰最高级别摩托车越野赛联赛（PGE摩托车越野超级联赛）的男性志愿者车手（年龄：22.7±6.0岁，身高：171.3±4.0厘米，体重：62.5±3.1千克）。在赛季前后，对车手进行了身体成分评估以及在自行车测力计上进行的温盖特测试（WAnT），并分析了急性心肺和生化反应。所有车手的运动水平由获胜的预赛次数（WS）、包括加分在内的所有预赛中获得的总积分（PTS + B）以及获胜预赛的百分比（%W）来定义。摩托车越野赛车手平均参加了75.3±15.0次总预赛（HS），获得的PTS + B等于136.8±48.2。赛季后，无氧运动表现、身体成分、心肺和生化反应均未发生变化。在WAnT期间的疲劳指数差异与总预赛次数（r = -0.61）以及与PTS + B（r = -0.58）之间存在显著的统计相关性。HS与以下差异之间也观察到正相关：脂肪量（FM）（r = 0.60）和脂肪量百分比（r = 0.61）（均P < 0.05）。这些发现表明，赛季期间的HS与WAnT中无氧能力的稳定有关。HS与脂肪量增加呈正相关，额外的脂肪量可能会对摩托车越野赛的运动表现产生不利影响。
