Szczepan Stefan, Wróblewska Zofia, Perkins Faye, Markowski Maciej, Michalik Kamil
Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2025 May 22;20(5):e0324853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324853. eCollection 2025.
The main objective of this research was to analyze the physical profile and experience of elite male motorcycle speedway riders, in order to develop a mathematical model to predict their level of sport performance. One hundred and eleven male professional motorcycle speedway riders in the top Polish motorcycle speedway league participated in this study (age: 25.04 ± 6.03 years, height: 172.28 ± 4.76 cm, weight: 65.60 ± 4.66 kg). The riders were divided by the k-means clustering method into three groups of sport level: high (n1 = 31), medium (n2 = 30), low (n3 = 50). To define sport level, several parameters were normalized and aggregated into a new conceptual metric of sport level called 'Indicator of Sport Level' (ISL). Body composition assessment, Wingate Anaerobic Test on a cycloergometer, and analysis of acute cardiorespiratory and biochemical responses were performed. One-way ANOVA tests were performed for independent samples, and Pearson's r linear correlation was calculated between clusters of riders. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was performed to predict the ISL. The elite male motorcycle speedway athletes were characterized by average age (25.10 ± 5.80 years) and years of experience (9.16 ± 5.62 years), which made them different from other clusters (p < 0.05). Also, they were 1.99% taller (173.02 ± 4.91 cm) than low sport level riders (p = 0.003). The strongest predictive variable of sport level in the regression model (R2 = 0.28) was body height (p = 0.043) and sport experience (p < 0.001). The results of this study present the optimal range of physical attributes, body height, sports experience, age, and body surface area of the best motorcycle speedway riders and indicate that body height and experience are the most predictive parameters in the model to estimate the sport level of riders.
本研究的主要目的是分析精英男性摩托车越野赛车手的身体状况和经历，以便开发一个数学模型来预测他们的运动表现水平。波兰顶级摩托车越野赛联赛中的111名男性职业摩托车越野赛车手参与了本研究（年龄：25.04±6.03岁，身高：172.28±4.76厘米，体重：65.60±4.66千克）。通过k均值聚类法将车手分为三个运动水平组：高（n1 = 31）、中（n2 = 30）、低（n3 = 50）。为了定义运动水平，对几个参数进行了归一化处理，并汇总成一个名为“运动水平指标”（ISL）的新的运动水平概念指标。进行了身体成分评估、在自行车测力计上进行的温盖特无氧测试，以及急性心肺和生化反应分析。对独立样本进行了单因素方差分析测试，并计算了车手组之间的皮尔逊r线性相关性。进行了多元线性回归（MLR）以预测ISL。精英男性摩托车越野赛运动员的平均年龄为（25.10±5.80岁），经验年限为（9.16±5.62年），这使他们与其他组有所不同（p < 0.05）。此外，他们比低运动水平的车手高1.99%（173.02±4.91厘米）（p = 0.003）。回归模型（R2 = 0.28）中运动水平的最强预测变量是身高（p = 0.043）和运动经验（p < 0.001）。本研究结果展示了最佳摩托车越野赛车手的身体属性、身高、运动经验、年龄和体表面积的最佳范围，并表明身高和经验是模型中估计车手运动水平的最具预测性的参数。
