Cuellar-Santoyo Ares Orlando, Ruiz-Rodríguez Victor Manuel, Mares-Barbosa Teresa Belem, Patrón-Soberano Araceli, Howe Andrew G, Portales-Pérez Diana Patricia, Miquelajáuregui Graf Amaya, Estrada-Sánchez Ana María
División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Translational and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2023 Jan 19;16:1037641. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1037641. eCollection 2022.
Research on glutamatergic neurotransmission has focused mainly on the function of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, leaving astrocytes with a secondary role only to ensure successful neurotransmission. However, recent evidence indicates that astrocytes contribute actively and even regulate neuronal transmission at different levels. This review establishes a framework by comparing glutamatergic components between neurons and astrocytes to examine how astrocytes modulate or otherwise influence neuronal transmission. We have included the most recent findings about the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission, allowing us to understand the complex network of neuron-astrocyte interactions. However, despite the knowledge of synaptic modulation by astrocytes, their contribution to specific physiological and pathological conditions remains to be elucidated. A full understanding of the astrocyte's role in neuronal processing could open fruitful new frontiers in the development of therapeutic applications.
对谷氨酸能神经传递的研究主要集中在突触前和突触后神经元的功能上，而星形胶质细胞仅扮演次要角色，以确保神经传递顺利进行。然而，最近的证据表明，星形胶质细胞积极参与其中，甚至在不同层面调节神经元传递。本综述通过比较神经元和星形胶质细胞之间的谷氨酸能成分，建立了一个框架，以研究星形胶质细胞如何调节或以其他方式影响神经元传递。我们纳入了关于星形胶质细胞在神经传递中作用的最新发现，这使我们能够理解神经元 - 星形胶质细胞相互作用的复杂网络。然而，尽管了解星形胶质细胞对突触的调节作用，但其在特定生理和病理状况中的贡献仍有待阐明。全面了解星形胶质细胞在神经元加工中的作用可能会为治疗应用的开发开辟富有成果的新领域。
