Shuli Zhu, Weitao Chen, Zhi Wu, Yuefei Li, Jie Li, Xinhui Li, Jiping Yang
The Laboratory of Fisheries Resources and Ecology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou, China.
J Fish Biol. 2023 May;102(5):1109-1120. doi: 10.1111/jfb.15340. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important valuable cyprinid in China and has been a popular cultured aquaculture species around the globe. Understanding the genetic diversity of wild native common carp not only provides basic data for the protection and utilisation of common carp resources but also assesses the effect of human activities on the genetic diversity of this species. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of the common carp from 15 sampling populations in the Pearl River and Nandujiang River were determined using a coalescent mitochondrial locus (MLS), including mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) and a control region (D-loop) segment. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.962 and 0.00628 in the Pearl River and 0.808 and 0.00376 in the Nandujiang River, respectively. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses indicated that three sub-species (a) C. c. rubrofuscus, (b) C. c. haematopterus and (c) C. c. carpio all occur in both rivers. AMOVA revealed that the variation within populations (86.2%) was the main source of the total variation. Statistically significant genetic differentiation among different Pearl River populations of C. c. rubrofuscus (F = 0.05-0.25) and relatively high genetic differentiation between the Nandujiang River population and the Pearl River populations (F > 0.238) are apparent. Bayesian clustering analyses detected that global populations consisted of eight genetic clusters and examined that Nandujiang River population included relatively pure genetic clusters. Neutrality tests suggested that native populations experienced recent population expansion, and Extended Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated that the common carp populations likely experienced a historical expansion during 0.125-0.250 MYA. Artificial fish propagation and release, escape from fish farms and Fang Sheng may explain the invasion of non-native sub-species in many river sections, such as Laibin, Rongjiang, Huizhou, Heyuan and Zhaoqing. To conserve the native common carp populations, release station should be established to culture native common carp fry. Overall, the findings can be contributed to complementing scientific knowledge for conservation and management of the wild native common carp.
鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）是中国重要的有价值鲤科鱼类，并且一直是全球广受欢迎的养殖水产养殖品种。了解野生本地鲤鱼的遗传多样性不仅为鲤鱼资源的保护和利用提供基础数据，还能评估人类活动对该物种遗传多样性的影响。在本研究中，使用一个溯祖线粒体基因座（MLS），包括线粒体细胞色素b基因（Cytb）和一个控制区（D-loop）片段，确定了珠江和南渡江15个采样种群的鲤鱼的遗传多样性和种群结构。珠江的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.962和0.00628，南渡江的分别为0.808和0.00376。系统发育和单倍型网络分析表明，三个亚种（a）C. c. rubrofuscus、（b）C. c. haematopterus和（c）C. c. carpio在两条河流中均有出现。方差分析（AMOVA）显示，种群内变异（86.2%）是总变异的主要来源。C. c. rubrofuscus不同珠江种群之间存在统计学上显著的遗传分化（F = 0.05 - 0.25），并且南渡江种群与珠江种群之间存在相对较高的遗传分化（F > 0.238）。贝叶斯聚类分析检测到全球种群由八个遗传簇组成，并发现南渡江种群包含相对纯合的遗传簇。中性检验表明本地种群经历了近期的种群扩张，扩展贝叶斯天际线图表明鲤鱼种群可能在0.125 - 0.250百万年前经历了一次历史扩张。人工鱼类繁殖与放流、从养鱼场逃逸以及放生可能解释了许多河段，如来宾、融江、惠州、河源和肇庆，非本地亚种的入侵现象。为保护本地鲤鱼种群，应建立放流站来培育本地鲤鱼鱼苗。总体而言，这些发现有助于补充野生本地鲤鱼保护和管理的科学知识。
