Sumana Sahr Lamin, Wang Peipei, Zhang Chengfeng, Jing Xiaojun, Zhu Jian, Tang Yongkai, Liu Wenting, Su Shengyan, Liao Yu
Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
Guangxi Fisheries Introduction and Cultivation Center, Nanning, PR China.
Heliyon. 2024 May 6;10(10):e30307. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30307. eCollection 2024 May 30.
The common strain black carp ( var. ) is a culturally important carp strain that is raised and cultured in Guangxi Province, China. Its color reflects the interactions between the Burau people and their surrounding environment. The population of the common carp black strain was isolated and cultured in a rice-fish integration system. To explore the genetic diversity and protection of germplasm resources, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, specifically the displacement loop () and cytochrome (), using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We compared these sequences with those from four other local common carp populations. The study included a total of 136 adult common carps from five strain populations: the common black carp strain (HJ = 31), Jian (F = 30), Heilongjiang (H = 10), Songpu (S = 31), and Saijiang (SJ = 34). The results of the and analyses showed that the Heilongjiang carp (H) and Saijiang (SJ) populations had the highest levels of haplotype diversity (0.867 ± 0.034785) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0063 ± 0.000137 and 0.0093 ± 0.000411), respectively. On the other hand, the Common carp black strain population (HJ) exhibited the lowest haplotype diversity in both and , with haplotype 2 being the most commonly observed among the populations. Private haplotypes dominated the five common carp populations, which were significantly different at <. Furthermore, analyzing the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst), the highest genetic difference was observed between Saijiang (SJ) and Heilongjiang (H) (Fst = 0.963), whereas the lowest was observed between Songpu (S) and the Common carp black strain population (HJ) (Fst = 0.019) for the gene sequences. For the , the Common carp black strain population (HJ) and Songpu (S) (Fst = 0.7) had the highest values, and Heilongjiang (H) and Common black carp strain (HJ) had an Fst of 0.125. Additionally, the AMOVA analysis revealed a higher level of variance for the and genes, indicating lower genetic diversity within the local carp community. On the other hand, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the five carp populations were closely related and formed a distinct cluster. The distinct cluster of populations suggests a common ancestor or recent gene flow, possibly due to geographic proximity or migration history, and unique genetic characteristics, possibly due to adaptations or selective pressures. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity of the common strain black carp, which can have implications for conservation, breeding programs, evolutionary studies, and fisheries management.
普通黑鲤（变种）是中国广西地区具有重要养殖价值的鲤鱼品种。其体色反映了布饶族人与周围环境的相互作用。普通黑鲤种群在稻鱼共生系统中进行隔离养殖。为了探索其遗传多样性并保护种质资源，我们利用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析了线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列，特别是位移环（）和细胞色素（）。我们将这些序列与其他四个当地普通鲤鱼种群的序列进行了比较。该研究共包括来自五个品系种群的136尾成年普通鲤鱼：普通黑鲤品系（HJ = 31）、建鲤（F = 30）、黑龙江鲤（H = 10）、松浦鲤（S = 31）和赛江鲤（SJ = 34）。和分析结果表明，黑龙江鲤（H）和赛江鲤（SJ）种群的单倍型多样性水平最高（分别为0.867 ± 0.034785），核苷酸多样性分别为（π = 0.0063 ± 0.000137和0.0093 ± 0.000411）。另一方面，普通黑鲤品系种群（HJ）在和中的单倍型多样性最低，单倍型2是所有种群中最常见的。私有单倍型在五个普通鲤鱼种群中占主导地位，在<.时它们之间存在显著差异。此外，分析遗传分化系数（Fst），赛江鲤（SJ）和黑龙江鲤（H）之间的遗传差异最大（Fst = 0.963），而对于基因序列，松浦鲤（S）和普通黑鲤品系种群（HJ）之间的遗传差异最小（Fst = 0.019）。对于，普通黑鲤品系种群（HJ）和松浦鲤（S）之间的Fst值最高（Fst = 0.7），黑龙江鲤（H）和普通黑鲤品系（HJ）之间的Fst值为0.125。此外，AMOVA分析显示和基因的方差水平较高，表明当地鲤鱼群体内的遗传多样性较低。另一方面，系统发育树分析表明，五个鲤鱼种群密切相关，形成了一个独特的聚类。种群的独特聚类表明它们有共同的祖先或近期的基因流动，这可能是由于地理 proximity或迁移历史，以及独特的遗传特征，这可能是由于适应或选择压力。本研究结果为普通黑鲤的遗传多样性提供了有价值的见解，这对保护、育种计划、进化研究和渔业管理具有重要意义。
