Associate Professor, Department of Korean & Center for East Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Sun Yat-sen University.
Uisahak. 2022 Dec;31(3):579-611. doi: 10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.579.
Rabies prevention has become a vital part of public health administration owing to the high incidence of rabies in Japan in modern times. The rabies prevention system in Japan, which was gradually established based on the rabies knowledge and prevention policies from Europe and the United States, was centered on livestock dog control, wild dog culling, and vaccination. This epidemic prevention system was based on two premises. First, though rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease, the focus of epidemic prevention administration was to protect humans, not dogs. Second, this system attempted to eliminate the rabies hazard at its source by reducing the number of all dogs-livestock dogs included. Under this epidemic prevention mechanism, the survival space of dogs as an object of public health administration was significantly eroded. In contrast, during wartime, the Japanese Empire encouraged people to donate their dogs to the military so their fur could be used to make military coats, and in the name of existing rabies prevention programs, extended the target of culling from wild dogs only to all non-military dogs. This administrative model of epidemic prevention, which attempted to hide the violence and arbitrariness of dog killing by creating artificial distinctions among dogs, is a metaphor for the power training mechanism in modern society.
由于日本近代狂犬病发病率较高，狂犬病预防已成为公共卫生管理的重要组成部分。日本的狂犬病预防体系是基于从欧洲和美国引进的狂犬病知识和预防政策逐渐建立起来的，其核心内容包括家畜犬控制、野犬捕杀和疫苗接种。该防疫体系基于两个前提。首先，尽管狂犬病是一种人畜共患的传染病，但防疫管理的重点是保护人类，而非犬类。其次，该体系试图通过减少所有犬类（包括家畜犬）的数量来从源头上消除狂犬病的危害。在这种防疫机制下，犬类作为公共卫生管理对象的生存空间受到了严重侵蚀。相比之下，在战争期间，日本帝国鼓励人们将自己的狗捐献给军队，以便用它们的皮毛制作军装，而且还以现有的狂犬病预防计划为借口，将捕杀范围从野犬扩大到所有非军用犬。这种防疫管理模式试图通过对犬只进行人为区分，掩盖杀犬的暴力和任意性，是现代社会权力训练机制的一个隐喻。
