Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 6;13(2):e066577. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066577.
Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain.
We aim to recruit 198 participants (aged 18-65 years) with chronic pain, to complete two waves of experience sampling over 1 week, 6 months apart (time 1 and time 2). During each wave of experience sampling, the participants are asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeat, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales. Sleep and physical activity will be measured using a daily diary as well as with wrist actigraphy worn continuously by participants throughout each wave. Linear mixed models and Gaussian graphical models will be fit to the data to: (1) examine the within-person, day-to-day association of mental defeat with outcomes (ie, pain, physical/social activity, medication use and sleep), (2) examine the dynamic temporal and contemporaneous networks of mental defeat with all outcomes and the hypothesised mechanisms of outcomes (ie, perceived stress, mood, attention and self-compassion).
The current protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority and West Midlands-Solihull Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 17/WM0053). The study is being conducted in adherence with the Declaration of Helsinki, Warwick Standard Operating Procedures and applicable UK legislation.
先前的定性和横断面研究已经确定，在患有慢性疼痛的人群中，有一种强烈的精神挫败感，而这些人也经历着最大程度的痛苦和残疾。本研究将采用纵向经验抽样设计，检验与慢性疼痛相关的精神挫败感与痛苦和残疾之间的个体内联系。
我们旨在招募 198 名患有慢性疼痛的参与者，在 6 个月的时间内（时间 1 和时间 2）完成两次为期一周的经验抽样。在每次经验抽样中，参与者每天需要完成三次简短的在线调查，使用视觉模拟量表即时评估精神挫败感、疼痛、药物使用、身体和社会活动、压力、情绪、自我同情和注意力。睡眠和身体活动将通过日常日记以及参与者在每一波中连续佩戴的腕部活动记录仪进行测量。线性混合模型和高斯图形模型将用于拟合数据：（1）检验精神挫败感与结局（即疼痛、身体/社会活动、药物使用和睡眠）的个体内、每日关联；（2）检验精神挫败感与所有结局以及结局的假设机制（即感知压力、情绪、注意力和自我同情）的动态时间和同期网络。
目前的方案已经获得了英国健康研究管理局和西米德兰兹-索利赫尔研究伦理委员会的批准（参考号：17/WM0053）。本研究是在遵循赫尔辛基宣言、华威标准操作程序和适用的英国立法的基础上进行的。
