Department of Community Medicine/Public Health Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2023;19(8):e060223213457. doi: 10.2174/1573399819666230206124638.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Two-thirds of diabetes-related deaths are caused by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of ASCVD and related factors in type 2 DM patients in Medan, North Sumatra.
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 252 DM patients visiting primary health centers in Medan were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The level of risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was determined by using ASCVD Risk Calculator. Data required to use this calculator are age, sex, race, total cholesterol, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hypertension treatment, smoking history, and use of statins for anti-hyperlipidemia. The data were then analyzed with Chi-square Test (p < 0.0%) and processed with SPSS.
There were 59 (23.41%), 140 (55.56%), and 53 (21.03%) participants who had high, moderate, and low risks of ASCVD, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed significant association between risk of ASCVD with age, SBP, total cholesterol level, HDL-C levels, and duration of diabetes (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, gender and familial history not related to ASCVD risks among DM patients (p > 0.05).
The risks for atherosclerotic complications of cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM patients in Medan were predominantly high. The variables related to ASCVD risks included age, gender, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol levels, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels.
糖尿病（DM）是一种代谢紊乱，其特征是血糖水平异常升高。高血糖状态是由于胰岛素分泌、胰岛素作用或两者同时异常引起的。三分之二的糖尿病相关死亡是由动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）引起的。
本研究旨在确定北苏门答腊棉兰 2 型糖尿病患者发生 ASCVD 的风险及其相关因素。
我们进行了一项横断面观察性研究。共招募了 252 名在棉兰初级保健中心就诊的糖尿病患者，符合纳入和排除标准。使用 ASCVD 风险计算器确定动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的风险水平。使用该计算器所需的数据为年龄、性别、种族、总胆固醇、HDL-C、收缩压、舒张压、糖尿病史、高血压治疗史、吸烟史和他汀类药物用于抗高血脂。然后使用卡方检验（p<0.0%）进行数据分析，并使用 SPSS 进行处理。
分别有 59（23.41%）、140（55.56%）和 53（21.03%）名参与者的 ASCVD 风险为高、中、低。双变量分析显示，ASCVD 风险与年龄、SBP、总胆固醇水平、HDL-C 水平和糖尿病病程显著相关（p<0.05）。同时，性别和家族史与 DM 患者的 ASCVD 风险无关（p>0.05）。
棉兰 2 型糖尿病患者发生 ASCVD 动脉粥样硬化并发症的风险主要较高。与 ASCVD 风险相关的变量包括年龄、性别、HbA1C、收缩压（SBP）、总胆固醇水平、HDL-C 和 LDL-C 水平。
