State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2023 May;12(13):e2201923. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201923. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
For regeneration of highly vascularized and innervated tissues, like bone, simultaneous ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves is essential but largely neglected. To address this issue, a "pre-angiogenic" cell-laden scaffold with durable angiogenic functions is prepared according to the bioactivities of silicate bioceramics and the instructive effects of vascular cells on neurogenesis and bone repair. Compared with traditional cell-free scaffolds, the prepared cell-laden scaffolds printed with active cells and bioactive inks can support long-term cell survival and growth for three weeks. The long-lived scaffolds exhibited durable angiogenic capability both in vitro and in vivo. The pre-angiogenic scaffolds can induce the neurogenetic differentiation of neural cells and the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the synergistic effects of released bioactive ions and the ability of vascular cells to attract neurons. The enhanced bone regeneration with both vascularization and innervation is attributed to these physiological functions of the pre-angiogenic cell-laden scaffolds, which is defined as "vascular-innervated" bone regeneration. It is suggested that the concept of "vascular-innervated scaffolds" may represent the future direction of biomaterials for complex tissue/organ regeneration.
为了再生高度血管化和神经支配的组织，如骨骼，血管和神经的同时生长是至关重要的，但在很大程度上被忽视了。为了解决这个问题，根据硅酸盐生物陶瓷的生物活性和血管细胞对神经发生和骨修复的指导作用，制备了具有持久血管生成功能的“预血管化”细胞负载支架。与传统的无细胞支架相比，用活性细胞和生物活性墨水打印的制备的细胞负载支架可以支持细胞存活和生长长达三周。这些长寿支架在体外和体内都表现出持久的血管生成能力。通过释放的生物活性离子的协同作用以及血管细胞吸引神经元的能力，预血管化支架可以诱导神经细胞的神经发生分化和间充质干细胞的成骨分化。增强的血管化和神经支配的骨再生归因于这些预血管化细胞负载支架的生理功能，这被定义为“血管神经支配”的骨再生。建议“血管神经支配支架”的概念可能代表复杂组织/器官再生生物材料的未来方向。
