Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Anat Sci Educ. 2023 Jul-Aug;16(4):677-693. doi: 10.1002/ase.2262. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
Anatomical body painting has traditionally been utilized to support learner engagement and understanding of surface anatomy. Learners apply two-dimensional representations of surface markings directly on to the skin, based on the identification of key landmarks. Esthetically satisfying representations of musculature and viscera can also be created. However, established body painting approaches do not typically address three-dimensional spatial anatomical concepts. Haptic Surface Painting (HSP) is a novel activity, distinct from traditional body painting, and aims to develop learner spatial awareness. The HSP process is underpinned by previous work describing how a Haptico-visual observation and drawing method can support spatial, holistic, and collaborative anatomy learning. In HSP, superficial and underlying musculoskeletal and vascular structures are located haptically by palpation. Transparent colors are then immediately applied to the skin using purposive and cross-contour drawing techniques to produce corresponding visual representations of learner observation and cognition. Undergraduate students at a United Kingdom medical school (n = 7) participated in remote HSP workshops and focus groups. A phenomenological study of learner perspectives identified four themes from semantic qualitative analysis of transcripts: Three-dimensional haptico-visual exploration relating to learner spatial awareness of their own anatomy; cognitive freedom and accessibility provided by a flexible and empowering learning process; altered perspectives of anatomical detail, relationships, and clinical relevance; and delivery and context, relating to curricular integration, session format, and educator guidance. This work expands the pedagogic repertoire of anatomical body painting and has implications for anatomy educators seeking to integrate innovative, engaging, and effective learning approaches for transforming student learning.
人体解剖彩绘传统上被用于支持学习者的参与度和对体表解剖学的理解。学习者根据关键地标识别，将体表标记的二维表示直接应用于皮肤。也可以创建具有美学吸引力的肌肉和内脏表示。然而，现有的人体彩绘方法通常无法解决三维空间解剖概念。触觉表面绘画（HSP）是一种新颖的活动，与传统人体彩绘不同，旨在培养学习者的空间意识。HSP 过程基于先前描述如何使用触觉-视觉观察和绘图方法支持空间、整体和协作解剖学习的工作。在 HSP 中，通过触诊定位浅表和深层的肌肉骨骼和血管结构。然后立即使用有目的和跨轮廓绘图技术将透明颜色应用于皮肤，以产生学习者观察和认知的相应视觉表示。英国一所医学院的本科生（n=7）参加了远程 HSP 工作坊和焦点小组。对学习者观点的现象学研究从转录本的语义定性分析中确定了四个主题：与学习者自身解剖空间意识相关的三维触觉-视觉探索；灵活和赋权的学习过程提供的认知自由和可及性；对解剖细节、关系和临床相关性的视角改变；以及与课程整合、会议格式和教育者指导相关的交付和背景。这项工作扩展了人体解剖彩绘的教学法，对于寻求整合创新、引人入胜和有效的学习方法以改变学生学习的解剖学教育者具有重要意义。
