Department of Anatomy, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Anat Sci Educ. 2018 Jan;11(1):44-53. doi: 10.1002/ase.1718. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) nature of the human form is imperative for effective medical practice and the emergence of 3D printing creates numerous opportunities to enhance aspects of medical and healthcare training. A recently deceased, un-embalmed donor was scanned through high-resolution computed tomography. The scan data underwent segmentation and post-processing and a range of 3D-printed anatomical models were produced. A four-stage mixed-methods study was conducted to evaluate the educational value of the models in a medical program. (1) A quantitative pre/post-test to assess change in learner knowledge following 3D-printed model usage in a small group tutorial; (2) student focus group (3) a qualitative student questionnaire regarding personal student model usage (4) teaching faculty evaluation. The use of 3D-printed models in small-group anatomy teaching session resulted in a significant increase in knowledge (P = 0.0001) when compared to didactic 2D-image based teaching methods. Student focus groups yielded six key themes regarding the use of 3D-printed anatomical models: model properties, teaching integration, resource integration, assessment, clinical imaging, and pathology and anatomical variation. Questionnaires detailed how students used the models in the home environment and integrated them with anatomical learning resources such as textbooks and anatomy lectures. In conclusion, 3D-printed anatomical models can be successfully produced from the CT data set of a recently deceased donor. These models can be used in anatomy education as a teaching tool in their own right, as well as a method for augmenting the curriculum and complementing established learning modalities, such as dissection-based teaching. Anat Sci Educ 11: 44-53. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
理解人体的三维（3D）性质对于有效的医疗实践至关重要，而 3D 打印的出现为增强医学和医疗保健培训的各个方面创造了众多机会。最近去世的未经过防腐处理的供体通过高分辨率计算机断层扫描进行了扫描。扫描数据经过分割和后处理，生成了一系列 3D 打印的解剖模型。进行了一项四阶段的混合方法研究，以评估模型在医学计划中的教育价值。（1）定量预/后测试，以评估在小组辅导中使用 3D 打印模型后学习者知识的变化；（2）学生焦点小组；（3）关于个人学生模型使用的定性学生问卷；（4）教学人员评估。与基于二维图像的传统教学方法相比，在小组解剖教学中使用 3D 打印模型可使知识显著增加（P=0.0001）。学生焦点小组就使用 3D 打印解剖模型产生了六个关键主题：模型特性、教学整合、资源整合、评估、临床成像以及病理学和解剖学变异。问卷详细说明了学生如何在家庭环境中使用模型，并将其与解剖学学习资源（如教科书和解剖学讲座）整合。总之，可以从最近去世的供体的 CT 数据集成功生成 3D 打印解剖模型。这些模型可以作为教学工具在解剖学教育中使用，也可以作为增强课程和补充传统学习模式（如基于解剖的教学）的方法。Anat Sci Educ 11: 44-53. © 2017 美国解剖学家协会。
