Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
Program in Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 7;18(2):e0277846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277846. eCollection 2023.
Immune responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination are individual and varied. There is a need to understand the timeline of vaccination efficacy against current and yet to be discovered viral mutations. Assessing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of immunity to other respiratory viruses is also valuable. Here we demonstrate the capability of a fully automated prototype Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry system to perform reliable longitudinal serology against a 34-plex respiratory array. The array contains antigens for respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal influenza, common human coronaviruses, MERS, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2. AIR measures a change in reflectivity due to the binding of serum antibodies to the antigens on the array. Samples were collected from convalescent COVID-19 donors and individuals vaccinated with a two-dose mRNA vaccine regimen. Vaccinated samples were collected prior to the first dose, one week after the first dose, one week after the second dose, and monthly thereafter. Information following booster dose and/or breakthrough infection is included for a subset of subjects. Longitudinal samples of vaccinated individuals demonstrate a rise and fall of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in agreement with general knowledge of the adaptive immune response and other studies. Linear Regression analysis was performed to understand the relationship between antibodies binding to different antigens on the array. Our analysis identified strong correlations between closely related influenza virus strains as well as correlations between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and human coronavirus 229E. A small test of using diluted whole blood from a fingerstick provided clean arrays with antibody binding comparable to serum. Potential applications include assessing immunity in the context of exposure to multiple respiratory viruses, clinical serology, population monitoring to facilitate public health recommendations, and vaccine development against new viruses and virus mutations.
针对 COVID-19 感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应是个体差异的。需要了解针对当前和尚未发现的病毒突变的疫苗接种效果的时间线。评估 SARS-CoV-2 免疫在针对其他呼吸道病毒免疫的背景下也是有价值的。在这里，我们展示了全自动原型 Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry 系统在对 34 重呼吸道阵列进行可靠的纵向血清学检测方面的能力。该阵列包含呼吸道合胞病毒、季节性流感、常见人类冠状病毒、MERS、SARS-CoV-1 和 SARS-CoV-2 的抗原。AIR 通过测量由于血清抗体与阵列上的抗原结合而导致的反射率变化来实现。样本来自康复期 COVID-19 供体和接受两剂 mRNA 疫苗方案接种的个体。接种疫苗的样本在第一剂之前、第一剂后一周、第二剂后一周以及此后每月收集。对于一部分受试者，包括了加强剂量和/或突破性感染后的信息。接种疫苗个体的纵向样本显示 SARS-CoV-2 刺突抗体的上升和下降，这与适应性免疫反应的一般知识和其他研究一致。进行了线性回归分析，以了解抗体与阵列上不同抗原结合的关系。我们的分析确定了密切相关的流感病毒株之间的强相关性，以及 SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-1 和人类冠状病毒 229E 之间的相关性。使用来自指尖的稀释全血进行的小测试提供了具有与血清相当的抗体结合能力的清洁阵列。潜在的应用包括在暴露于多种呼吸道病毒的背景下评估免疫、临床血清学、人群监测以促进公共卫生建议，以及针对新病毒和病毒突变的疫苗开发。
