Moncalvillo Belén, Matthies Diethart
Plant Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.
AoB Plants. 2022 Dec 15;15(2):plac063. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plac063. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Root hemiparasitic plants act as keystone species influencing plant community composition through their differential suppression of host species. Their own performance also strongly depends on interactions with host species. However, little is known about the roles of parasite genetic variation vs. plasticity in these interactions. We grew plants from eight maternal families of the root hemiparasite with six potential host species (two grasses, two legumes and two forbs) and without a host and measured fitness-related and morphological traits of the parasite, host biomass and overall productivity. Parasite biomass and other traits showed strong plastic variation in response to different host species, but were also affected by parasite maternal family. Parasite seed families responded differently to the hosts, indicating genetic variation that could serve as the basis for adaptation to different host plants. However, there were no negative correlations in the performance of families across different hosts, indicating that has plastic generalist genotypes and is not constrained in its use of different host species by trade-offs in performance. Parasite effects on host biomass (which may indicate virulence) and total productivity (host + parasite biomass) depended on the specific combination of parasite family and host species. Mean biomass of hosts with a parasite family and mean biomass of that family tended to be negatively correlated, suggesting selection for maximum resource extraction from the hosts. Specialization of generalist root hemiparasites may be restricted by a lack of trade-offs in performance across hosts, together with strong spatial and temporal variation in host species availability. The genetic variation in the effects on different hosts highlights the importance of genetic diversity of hemiparasites for their effects on plant community structure and productivity and for the success of using them to restore grassland diversity.
根部半寄生植物作为关键物种，通过对寄主物种的差异性抑制来影响植物群落组成。它们自身的表现也强烈依赖于与寄主物种的相互作用。然而，关于寄生虫遗传变异与可塑性在这些相互作用中的作用，我们所知甚少。我们种植了来自根部半寄生植物八个母系家族的植株，分别与六种潜在寄主物种（两种禾本科植物、两种豆科植物和两种草本植物）一起种植以及不与寄主一起种植，并测量了寄生虫与适应性相关的和形态学特征、寄主生物量和总生产力。寄生虫生物量和其他特征对不同寄主物种表现出强烈的可塑性变异，但也受到寄生虫母系家族的影响。寄生虫种子家族对寄主的反应不同，表明存在可作为适应不同寄主植物基础的遗传变异。然而，不同寄主上家族的表现之间没有负相关，这表明其具有可塑性的通才基因型，并且在利用不同寄主物种时不受表现权衡的限制。寄生虫对寄主生物量（可能表明毒力）和总生产力（寄主 + 寄生虫生物量）的影响取决于寄生虫家族和寄主物种的特定组合。有寄生虫家族的寄主的平均生物量与该家族的平均生物量往往呈负相关，这表明存在从寄主中最大限度提取资源的选择。通才型根部半寄生植物的特化可能受到跨寄主表现缺乏权衡以及寄主物种可利用性强烈的时空变化的限制。对不同寄主影响的遗传变异凸显了半寄生植物遗传多样性对于其对植物群落结构和生产力的影响以及利用它们恢复草地多样性成功的重要性。
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