Matthies Diethart
Plant Ecology Department of Biology Philipps-Universität Marburg Marburg Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Jul 31;11(17):12011-12024. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7967. eCollection 2021 Sep.
The performance of root hemiparasites depends strongly on host species identity, but it remains unknown whether there exist general patterns in the quality of species as hosts for hemiparasites and in their sensitivity to parasitism. In a comparative approach, the model root hemiparasites and were grown with 25 host species (grasses, forbs, and legumes) at two nutrient levels. Hosts grown without parasites served as a control. Host species identity strongly influenced parasite biomass and other traits, and both parasites grew better with legumes and grasses than with forbs. The biomass of was much higher than that of with all host plants and responded much more strongly to higher nutrient availability than . The performance of the two species of with individual hosts was strongly correlated, and it was also correlated with that of and the related in previous experiments with many of the same hosts, but only weakly with that of the less closely related . The negative effect of on host biomass was less strong than that of but stronger relative to its own biomass, suggesting that it is more parasitic. The impact of the two parasites on individual hosts did not depend on nutrient level and was correlated. Several legumes and grasses were tolerant of parasitism. While slightly reduced mean overall productivity, increased it with several species, indicating that the loss of host biomass was more than compensated by that of the parasite. The results show that closely related parasites have similar host requirements and correlated negative effects on individual hosts, but that there are also specific interactions between pairs of parasitic plants and their hosts.
根半寄生植物的表现很大程度上取决于寄主物种的身份，但半寄生植物寄主物种的质量及其对寄生的敏感性是否存在一般模式仍不清楚。在一项比较研究中，将模式根半寄生植物与25种寄主植物（禾本科、草本植物和豆科植物）在两种养分水平下种植。未种植寄生虫的寄主用作对照。寄主物种身份强烈影响寄生虫生物量和其他特征，两种寄生虫在豆科植物和禾本科植物上的生长情况均优于在草本植物上的生长情况。在所有寄主植物上，[一种半寄生植物名称1]的生物量远高于[另一种半寄生植物名称2]，并且[一种半寄生植物名称1]对较高养分有效性的反应比[另一种半寄生植物名称2]强烈得多。两种[半寄生植物名称1]与单个寄主的表现高度相关，并且在之前对许多相同寄主进行的实验中，它还与[半寄生植物名称2]以及相关的[另一种半寄生植物名称3]的表现相关，但与亲缘关系较远的[另一种半寄生植物名称4]的表现仅存在微弱关联。[一种半寄生植物名称1]对寄主生物量的负面影响不如[一种半寄生植物名称2]强烈，但相对于其自身生物量而言更强，这表明它更具寄生性。两种寄生虫对单个寄主的影响不取决于养分水平且具有相关性。几种豆科植物和禾本科植物对寄生具有耐受性。虽然[一种半寄生植物名称2]略微降低了总体平均生产力，但[一种半寄生植物名称1]与几种寄主植物一起时提高了生产力，这表明寄主生物量的损失被寄生虫生物量的增加所补偿。结果表明，亲缘关系较近的寄生虫具有相似的寄主需求，并且对单个寄主具有相关的负面影响，但寄生植物与寄主之间也存在特定的相互作用。
