Reynolds C F, Kupfer D J, Hoch C C, Houck P R, Stack J A, Berman S R, Campbell P I, Zimmer B
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Nov;44(11):982-90. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800230062011.
Decreased slow-wave sleep (SWS) and sleep continuity are major effects of healthy aging and of associated psychopathological states. Using sleep deprivation, we studied the extent to which age- and psychopathology-related sleep "decay" is reversible in aged normal, depressed, and demented subjects. Depression or probable Alzheimer's dementia compromised the augmentation of sleep continuity and SWS seen in healthy elderly following sleep deprivation. Rapid eye movement (REM) latency decreased during recovery sleep in the controls but increased in both patient groups. Compared with demented patients, depressed elderly had greater severity of sleep continuity disturbance both before and after sleep deprivation, a more protracted course of recovery sleep, and increased slow-wave density in the second non-REM (NREM) sleep period (during recovery). The REM sleep time was diminished in dementia compared with depression both at baseline and during recovery sleep. These differential effects of age, health, and neuropsychiatric disease on recovery from sleep loss are relevant to recovery or reversal theories of sleep and have implications for daytime well-being in the elderly.
慢波睡眠（SWS）减少和睡眠连续性下降是健康衰老及相关精神病理状态的主要影响。我们通过睡眠剥夺研究了在正常老年人、抑郁症患者和痴呆症患者中，与年龄和精神病理学相关的睡眠“衰退”在多大程度上是可逆的。抑郁症或疑似阿尔茨海默病痴呆症会损害健康老年人在睡眠剥夺后睡眠连续性和慢波睡眠的增加。快速眼动（REM）潜伏期在对照组的恢复睡眠期间缩短，但在两组患者中均延长。与痴呆症患者相比，抑郁症老年人在睡眠剥夺前后睡眠连续性障碍的严重程度更高，恢复睡眠过程更长，且在第二个非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期（恢复期间）慢波密度增加。与抑郁症相比，痴呆症患者在基线期和恢复睡眠期间的快速眼动睡眠时间均减少。年龄、健康状况和神经精神疾病对睡眠剥夺恢复的这些差异影响与睡眠恢复或逆转理论相关，并且对老年人的日间幸福感有影响。
