Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India.
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Protoplasma. 2023 Jul;260(4):1031-1046. doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01839-5. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Chitin, the world's second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, is composed of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. It is the key structural component of many organisms, including crustaceans, mollusks, marine invertebrates, algae, fungi, insects, and nematodes. There has been a significant increase in the generation of chitinous waste from seafood businesses, resulting in a big amount of scrap. Although several organisms, such as plants, crustaceans, insects, nematodes, and animals, produce chitinases, microorganisms are promising candidates and a sustainable option that mediates chitin degradation. Fungi are the dominant group of chitinase producers among microorganisms. In fungi, chitinases are involved in morphogenesis, cell division, autolysis, chitin acquisition for nutritional purposes, and mycoparasitism. Many efficient chitinolytic fungi with potential applications have been identified in a variety of environments, including soil, water, marine wastes, and plants. The current review highlights the key sources of chitinolytic fungi and the characterization of fungal chitinases. It also discusses the applications of fungal chitinases and the cloning of fungal chitinase genes.
甲壳素是世界上仅次于纤维素的第二大生物聚合物，由β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖（GlcNAc）残基组成。它是许多生物体的关键结构组成部分，包括甲壳类动物、软体动物、海洋无脊椎动物、藻类、真菌、昆虫和线虫。海鲜企业产生的甲壳素废物大量增加，导致大量废料产生。尽管有几种生物体，如植物、甲壳类动物、昆虫、线虫和动物，都能产生几丁质酶，但微生物是一种很有前途的候选生物，是一种介导几丁质降解的可持续选择。真菌是微生物中几丁质酶的主要产生者。在真菌中，几丁质酶参与形态发生、细胞分裂、自溶、获取营养物质的几丁质以及菌寄生。已经在各种环境中（包括土壤、水、海洋废物和植物）鉴定出许多具有潜在应用的高效几丁质分解真菌。本综述重点介绍了几丁质分解真菌的主要来源和真菌几丁质酶的特性。它还讨论了真菌几丁质酶的应用和真菌几丁质酶基因的克隆。
