Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
Biol Futur. 2023 Jun;74(1-2):61-67. doi: 10.1007/s42977-023-00153-8. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Genomes of most RNA viruses are rarely larger than the size of an average human gene (10-15 kb) and still code for a number of biologically active polypeptides that modify the immune system and metabolism of the host organism in an amazingly complex way. Prolonged coevolution developed tricks by which viruses can dodge many protective mechanisms of the host and lead to the formation of molecular mimicry patterns. Some viruses inhibit the interferon response, interfere with the membrane destroying effects of the activated complement cascade. They can replicate in cellular compartments formed by inner membranes of the cell hiding their characteristic features from diverse pattern recognition receptors. In many cases-and in this respect, the new coronavirus is a champion-they can exploit our own defensive mechanisms to cause serious harm, severe symptoms and frequently deadly disease.
大多数 RNA 病毒的基因组很少超过平均人类基因（10-15kb）的大小，但仍编码许多具有生物活性的多肽，以极其复杂的方式修饰宿主生物体的免疫系统和新陈代谢。长期的共同进化发展出了一些技巧，使病毒能够逃避宿主的许多保护机制，并导致分子模拟模式的形成。一些病毒抑制干扰素反应，干扰激活补体级联的膜破坏作用。它们可以在由细胞内膜形成的细胞区室中复制，从而将其特征从各种模式识别受体中隐藏起来。在许多情况下——在这方面，新型冠状病毒是一个佼佼者——它们可以利用我们自己的防御机制来造成严重的伤害、严重的症状和经常致命的疾病。
