Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Maturitas. 2023 Apr;170:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.01.012. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
There is limited information on the prevalence of premature and early menopause. Therefore, we studied the frequency and type of premature (age < 40 years) or early (age 40-44 years) menopause in a geographically-defined American population.
We studied a random sample of women aged 18 to 50 years who resided in Olmsted County, MN between 1988 and 2007. Women were followed through December 2021, and age at cessation of menses was assessed via review of the medical records included in a medical records-linkage system. Menopause was defined as cessation of menses due to spontaneous or induced ovarian insufficiency.
1015 women (71.3 %) underwent spontaneous menopause, 138 (9.7 %) underwent bilateral oophorectomy, 17 (1.2 %) had antecedent chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and 254 (17.8 %) underwent hysterectomy or endometrial ablation. The median age at cessation of menses was 51.0 years (IQR, 49.0-52.0) for spontaneous menopause, 46.0 years (IQR, 41.0-49.0) for menopause induced by oophorectomy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, and 38.0 years (IQR, 33.0-44.0) for hysterectomy. Considering both spontaneous and induced menopause, the frequency was 3.1 % (95 % CI, 2.2-4.2) for premature and 6.2 % (95 % CI, 5.0-7.8) for early menopause. Considering only spontaneous menopause, the frequency reduced to 0.4 % (95 % CI, 0.2-1.0) for premature and 5.2 % (95 % CI, 4.0-6.8) for early menopause. However, considering all types of cessations of menses, the frequency was 12.2 % (95 % CI, 10.6-14.0) for premature and 9.7 % (95 % CI, 8.3-11.3) for early cessation of menses.
Approximately 3 % of women in the general population experienced either spontaneous or induced premature menopause. The most common cause of premature menopause was bilateral oophorectomy.
关于绝经前期和早期的流行率信息有限。因此，我们研究了在一个地理位置明确的美国人群中绝经前期（年龄<40 岁）或早期（年龄 40-44 岁）的频率和类型。
我们研究了 1988 年至 2007 年间居住在明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县的年龄在 18 至 50 岁的随机抽样女性。通过审查医疗记录链接系统中包含的医疗记录，评估女性的绝经年龄。绝经定义为由于自发性或诱导性卵巢功能衰竭导致的月经停止。
1015 名女性（71.3%）经历了自然绝经，138 名女性（9.7%）接受了双侧卵巢切除术，17 名女性（1.2%）有先前的化疗或放疗史，254 名女性（17.8%）接受了子宫切除术或子宫内膜消融术。自然绝经的中位绝经年龄为 51.0 岁（IQR，49.0-52.0），卵巢切除术、化疗或放疗引起的绝经年龄为 46.0 岁（IQR，41.0-49.0），子宫切除术为 38.0 岁（IQR，33.0-44.0）。考虑到自发性和诱导性绝经，绝经前期的发生率为 3.1%（95%CI，2.2-4.2），早期绝经的发生率为 6.2%（95%CI，5.0-7.8）。仅考虑自然绝经，绝经前期的发生率降至 0.4%（95%CI，0.2-1.0），早期绝经的发生率降至 5.2%（95%CI，4.0-6.8）。然而，考虑到所有类型的绝经，绝经前期的发生率为 12.2%（95%CI，10.6-14.0），早期绝经的发生率为 9.7%（95%CI，8.3-11.3）。
一般人群中约有 3%的女性经历了自发性或诱导性绝经前期。绝经前期最常见的原因是双侧卵巢切除术。
