Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Vaccine. 2023 Mar 3;41(10):1694-1702. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.063. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Comparative analyses of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses elicited by diverse prime-boost regimens are required to establish efficient regimens for the control of COVID-19.
In this prospective observational cohort study, spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) alongside spike-specific T-cell responses in age-matched groups of homologous BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or AZD1222/AZD1222 vaccination, heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccination, and prior wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination were evaluated.
Peak immune responses were achieved after the second vaccine dose in the naïve vaccinated groups and after the first dose in the prior infection/vaccination group. Peak titers of anti-spike IgG and nAb were significantly higher in the AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccination and prior infection/vaccination groups than in the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or AZD1222/AZD1222 groups. However, the frequency of interferon-γ-producing CD4 T cells was highest in the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 vaccination group. Similar results were observed in the analysis of polyfunctional T cells. When nAb and CD4T-cell responses against the Delta variant were analyzed, the prior infection/vaccination group exhibited higher responses than the groups of other homologous or heterologous vaccination regimens.
nAbs are efficiently elicited by heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccination, as well as prior infection/vaccination, whereas spike-specific CD4T-cell responses are efficiently elicited by homologous BNT162b2 vaccination. Variant-recognizing immunity is more efficiently generated by prior infection/vaccination than the other homologous or heterologous vaccination regimens.
为了控制 COVID-19，需要对不同的疫苗接种方案引发的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性免疫反应进行比较分析。
在这项前瞻性观察性队列研究中，评估了年龄匹配的同源 BNT162b2/BNT162b2 或 AZD1222/AZD1222 疫苗接种、异源 AZD1222/BNT162b2 疫苗接种和既往野生型 SARS-CoV-2 感染/疫苗接种组中，刺突特异性免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）和中和抗体（nAb）以及刺突特异性 T 细胞反应。
在初次接种组中，第二剂疫苗后达到峰值免疫反应，在既往感染/接种组中，第一剂疫苗后达到峰值免疫反应。在 AZD1222/BNT162b2 疫苗接种和既往感染/接种组中，抗刺突 IgG 和 nAb 的峰值滴度明显高于 BNT162b2/BNT162b2 或 AZD1222/AZD1222 组。然而，干扰素-γ 产生的 CD4 T 细胞的频率在 BNT162b2/BNT162b2 疫苗接种组中最高。在分析多功能 T 细胞时观察到了类似的结果。当分析针对 Delta 变异体的 nAb 和 CD4T 细胞反应时，既往感染/接种组的反应高于其他同源或异源疫苗接种方案组。
异源 AZD1222/BNT162b2 疫苗接种以及既往感染/接种均能有效诱导 nAb，而同源 BNT162b2 疫苗接种能有效诱导刺突特异性 CD4T 细胞反应。与其他同源或异源疫苗接种方案相比，既往感染/接种能更有效地产生识别变异体的免疫反应。
