Luminescence nanothermometry using a trivalent lanthanide co-doped perovskite.

This study investigates in detail the laser-mediated upconversion emission and temperature-sensing capability of (Ca YbEr )TiO. Samples were prepared at different concentrations to observe the effect of erbium on upconversion while increasing its concentration and keeping all the other parameters constant. Doping is a widespread technological process which involves incorporating an element called a dopant in a lower ratio to the host lattice to derive hybrid materials with desired properties. The (Ca YbEr )TiO perovskite nanoparticles were synthesized a sol-gel technique. The frequency upconversion was performed using a 980 nm laser diode excitation source. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed that the synthesized samples are crystalline in nature and have an orthorhombic structure. The temperature-sensing ability was examined using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) algorithm of two emission bands (H → I and S → I) of the Er ion. Temperature-dependent upconversion luminescence is observed over a broad temperature range of 298-623 K. The maximum sensor sensitivity obtained is 6.71 × 10 K at 110°.