Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 1;871:162148. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162148. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Toxic metal(loid)s are widespread and permanent in the biosphere, and bacteria have evolved a wide variety of metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) to resist the stress of excess metal(loid)s. Via active efflux, permeability barriers, extracellular/intracellular sequestration, enzymatic detoxification and reduction in metal(loid)s sensitivity of cellular targets, the key components of bacterial cells are protected from toxic metal(loid)s to maintain their normal physiological functions. Exploiting bacterial metal(loid) resistance mechanisms, MRGs have been applied in many environmental fields. Based on the specific binding ability of MRGs-encoded regulators to metal(loid)s, MRGs-dependent biosensors for monitoring environmental metal(loid)s are developed. MRGs-related biotechnologies have been applied to environmental remediation of metal(loid)s by using the metal(loid) tolerance, biotransformation, and biopassivation abilities of MRGs-carrying microorganisms. In this work, we review the historical evolution, resistance mechanisms, environmental variation, and environmental applications of bacterial MRGs. The potential hazards, unresolved problems, and future research directions are also discussed.
有毒金属（类）在生物圈中广泛存在且持久，细菌已经进化出多种金属（类）抗性基因（MRGs）来抵抗过量金属（类）的压力。通过主动外排、渗透屏障、细胞外/细胞内隔离、酶解毒以及降低细胞靶标对金属（类）的敏感性，细菌细胞的关键组分可免受有毒金属（类）的侵害，从而维持其正常的生理功能。利用细菌的金属（类）抗性机制，MRGs 已被应用于许多环境领域。基于 MRGs 编码的调节剂对金属（类）的特异性结合能力，开发了用于监测环境金属（类）的基于 MRGs 的生物传感器。MRGs 相关生物技术已被应用于利用携带 MRGs 的微生物的金属（类）耐受性、生物转化和生物钝化能力进行环境金属（类）修复。在这项工作中，我们回顾了细菌 MRGs 的历史演变、抗性机制、环境变化和环境应用。还讨论了其潜在危害、未解决的问题和未来的研究方向。
