镓抗性：多态性与形态学对金属、抗生素及多氟化合物生长的影响

Gallium Resistance in : Polymorphisms and Morphology Impacting Growth in Metals, Antibiotics and Polyfluorinated Compounds.

作者信息

Ewunkem Akamu, Simpson Felicia, Holland David, Bowers Tatyana, Bailey Ariyon, Gore Ja'nyah, Iloghalu Uchenna, Williams Vera, Adjei-Fremah Sarah, Kiki Larisa, Justice Brittany

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA.

Department of Mathematics, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA.

出版信息

Appl Microbiol (Basel). 2025 Mar;5(1). doi: 10.3390/applmicrobiol5010032. Epub 2025 Mar 20.

DOI:10.3390/applmicrobiol5010032

PMID:40893415

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12393781/

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The imminent threat of antibiotic resistance has spurred studies of nonconventional antimicrobial approaches. Gallium utilization is a promising and emerging approach to treating a variety of resistant bacteria using "Trojan horse" strategies to disrupt iron-dependent processes and biofilms. This study utilized experimental evolution to test the evolvability of gallium resistance in and resistance traits potentially correlated with metals, antibiotics and polyfluorinated compounds, as well as its genomics foundations.

METHODS

Whole-genome sequencing was utilized to reveal functional networks of mutations associated with gallium resistance. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was utilized to visualize distinct morphological changes on the surface of gallium-resistant populations and compare with the control populations.

RESULTS

As demonstrated by these studies, evolved resistance to gallium after 20 days of selection. Furthermore, these populations displayed resistance traits correlated with heavy metals and polyfluorinated compounds. In contrast, the gallium-resistant populations were very sensitive to antibiotics. Whole-genome analysis revealed significant polymorphisms in the gallium (III)-resistant populations for example, polymorphisms in staphyloferrinA export MFS transporter/D ornithine citrate ligase (), teichoic acid D Ala esterase (), DUF3169 family protein () and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (), while polymorphisms in the ABC transporter permease subunit () and acyltransferase family protein () were unique to the control populations. The polymorphisms directly affected the cells' morphology. SEM images showed significant external ultrastructural changes in the gallium-selected bacterial cells compared to the control cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirmed that using gallium as an antimicrobial can have significant health and environmental implications.

摘要

背景与目的

抗生素耐药性的紧迫威胁促使人们对非传统抗菌方法展开研究。利用镓是一种有前景且新兴的方法，通过“特洛伊木马”策略破坏铁依赖过程和生物膜来治疗多种耐药细菌。本研究利用实验进化来测试[具体细菌名称未给出]中镓耐药性的进化能力以及与金属、抗生素和多氟化合物潜在相关的耐药性状及其基因组学基础。

方法

利用全基因组测序揭示与镓耐药性相关的突变功能网络。此外，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察来可视化镓耐药群体表面的明显形态变化，并与对照群体进行比较。

结果

这些研究表明，[具体细菌名称未给出]在经过20天的选择后进化出了对镓的耐药性。此外，这些群体表现出与重金属和多氟化合物相关的耐药性状。相比之下，镓耐药群体对抗生素非常敏感。全基因组分析揭示了镓（III）耐药群体中的显著多态性，例如，铁载体蛋白A输出MFS转运蛋白/D鸟氨酸柠檬酸连接酶（[具体基因名称未给出]）、磷壁酸D丙氨酸酯酶（[具体基因名称未给出]）、DUF3169家族蛋白（[具体基因名称未给出]）和腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（[具体基因名称未给出]）中的多态性，而ABC转运蛋白通透酶亚基（[具体基因名称未给出]）和酰基转移酶家族蛋白（[具体基因名称未给出]）中的多态性是对照群体所特有的。这些多态性直接影响细胞形态。SEM图像显示，与对照细胞相比，镓选择的细菌细胞外部超微结构有显著变化。