Amatu J-B, Baudouin C, Trinh L, Labbé A, Buffault J
Department of Ophthalmology III, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France.
Department of Ophthalmology III, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Institut de La Vision, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2023 Mar;46(3):287-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.09.026. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
The corneal epithelium is one of the first tissue barriers of the eye against the environment. In recent years, many studies provided better knowledge of its healing, its behavior and its essential role in the optical system of the eye. At the crossroads of basic science and clinical medicine, the study of the mechanical stresses applied to the cornea makes it possible to learn the behavior of epithelial cells and better understand ocular surface disease. We describe herein the current knowledge about the adhesion systems of the corneal epithelium and their resistance to mechanical stress. We will also describe the involvement of these mechanisms in corneal healing and their role in epithelial dynamics. Adhesion molecules of the epithelial cells, especially hemidesmosomes, allow the tissue cohesion required to maintain the integrity of the corneal epithelium against the shearing forces of the eyelids as well as external forces. Their regeneration after a corneal injury is mandatory for the restoration of a healthy epithelium. Mechanotransduction plays a significant role in regulating epithelial cell behavior, and the study of the epithelium's response to mechanical forces helps to better understand the evolution of epithelial profiles after refractive surgery. A better understanding of corneal epithelial biomechanics could also help improve future therapies, particularly in the field of tissue engineering.
角膜上皮是眼睛抵御外界环境的第一道组织屏障之一。近年来，许多研究使我们对其愈合过程、行为以及在眼视觉系统中的重要作用有了更深入的了解。处于基础科学与临床医学的交叉点，对施加于角膜的机械应力的研究有助于了解上皮细胞的行为，并更好地理解眼表疾病。在此，我们描述了关于角膜上皮黏附系统及其对机械应力的抵抗力的现有知识。我们还将描述这些机制在角膜愈合中的作用及其在上皮动力学中的作用。上皮细胞的黏附分子，尤其是半桥粒，使组织具有凝聚力，以维持角膜上皮的完整性，抵抗眼睑的剪切力以及外力。角膜损伤后它们的再生对于健康上皮的恢复至关重要。机械转导在调节上皮细胞行为中起重要作用，研究上皮对机械力的反应有助于更好地理解屈光手术后上皮形态的演变。更好地理解角膜上皮生物力学也有助于改进未来的治疗方法，尤其是在组织工程领域。
