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携带 ATRX 和/或 DAXX 突变的结直肠癌患者来源的类器官和细胞系缺乏端粒的非经典延长(ALT)。

Colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids and cell lines harboring ATRX and/or DAXX mutations lack Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT).

机构信息

IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 1060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.

出版信息

Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 9;14(2):96. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05640-3.

Abstract

Telomere maintenance is necessary to maintain cancer cell unlimited viability. However, the mechanisms maintaining telomere length in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been extensively investigated. Telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMM) include the re-expression of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT is genetically associated with somatic alterations in alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) and death domain-associated protein (DAXX) genes. Cells displaying ALT present distinctive features including C-circles made of telomeric DNA, long and heterogenous telomeric tracts, and telomeric DNA co-localized with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies forming so-called ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs). Here, we identified mutations in ATRX and/or DAXX genes in an extensive collection of CRC samples including 119 patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and 232 established CRC cell lines. C-circles measured in CRC PDOs and cell lines showed low levels overall. We also observed that CRC PDOs and cell lines did not display a significant accumulation of APBs or long telomeres with no appreciable differences between wild-type and mutated ATRX/DAXX samples. Overall, our extensive analyses indicate that CRC is not prone to engage ALT, even when carrying genetic lesions in ATRX and/or DAXX, and support the notion that ATRX/DAXX genomic footprints are not reliable predictors of ALT.

摘要

端粒维持对于维持癌细胞的无限存活能力是必要的。然而,在结直肠癌(CRC)中维持端粒长度的机制尚未得到广泛研究。端粒维持机制(TMM)包括端粒酶的重新表达或端粒的替代性延长(ALT)。ALT 与 alpha-地中海贫血/智力迟钝 X 连锁(ATRX)和死亡域相关蛋白(DAXX)基因的体细胞改变有关。表现出 ALT 的细胞具有独特的特征,包括由端粒 DNA 组成的 C-环、长而异质的端粒区和与早幼粒细胞白血病(PML)体共定位的端粒 DNA,形成所谓的 ALT 相关 PML 体(APB)。在这里,我们在包括 119 个患者来源的类器官(PDO)和 232 个已建立的 CRC 细胞系在内的大量 CRC 样本中鉴定出 ATRX 和/或 DAXX 基因的突变。CRC PDO 和细胞系中测量的 C-环总体水平较低。我们还观察到 CRC PDO 和细胞系没有显示出 APB 或长端粒的明显积累,并且在野生型和突变型 ATRX/DAXX 样本之间没有明显差异。总的来说,我们的广泛分析表明,CRC 不易发生 ALT,即使在携带 ATRX 和/或 DAXX 遗传病变时也是如此,并且支持 ATRX/DAXX 基因组足迹不是 ALT 的可靠预测因子的观点。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ede/9911751/ca87d7ca6e19/41419_2023_5640_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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