Silva Lincon Rafael da, Rodrigues Leonardo Luís de Barros, Botelho Amanda Silva, Castro Bruna Sartório de, Muniz Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa, Moraes Maria Carolina Blassioli, Mello Sueli Corrêa Marques de
Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília/Federal District 70770-917, Brazil.
College Union Pioneer of Social Integration, Brasília/Federal District 73300-000, Brazil.
Plant Pathol J. 2023 Feb;39(1):39-51. doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2022.0106. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops in human food production. The occurrence of diseases, such as white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can limit the production of this legume. The use of Trichoderma has become an important strategy in the suppression of this disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Trichoderma azevedoi CEN1241 in five different growth periods on the severity of white mold in common bean. The in vitro assays were carried out in double-plate and split-plate, and the in vivo assays, through the exposure of the mycelia of S. sclerotiorum to the VOCs of T. azevedoi CEN1241 and subsequent inoculation in bean plants. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detected 37 VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241, covering six major chemical classes. The profile of VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241 varied according to colony age and was shown to be related to the ability of the biocontrol agent to suppress S. sclerotiorum. T. azevedoi CEN1241 VOCs reduced the size of S. sclerotiorum lesions on bean fragments in vitro and reduced disease severity in a greenhouse. This study demonstrated in a more applied way that the mechanism of antibiosis through the production of volatile compounds exerted by Trichoderma can complement other mechanisms, such as parasitism and competition, thus contributing to a better efficiency in the control of white mold in bean plants.
普通菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）是人类粮食生产中最重要的作物之一。由核盘菌引起的诸如白霉病等病害的发生会限制这种豆类的产量。木霉菌的使用已成为抑制这种病害的一项重要策略。本研究的目的是评估阿泽维多木霉CEN1241在五个不同生长时期释放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对普通菜豆白霉病严重程度的影响。体外试验采用双平板和分割平板法进行，体内试验则是通过将核盘菌的菌丝体暴露于阿泽维多木霉CEN1241的VOCs中，随后接种到菜豆植株上。气相色谱-质谱联用的化学分析检测到阿泽维多木霉CEN1241产生的37种VOCs，涵盖六大化学类别。阿泽维多木霉CEN1241产生的VOCs谱根据菌落年龄而变化，并且显示出与生物防治剂抑制核盘菌的能力有关。阿泽维多木霉CEN1241的VOCs在体外减小了菜豆片段上核盘菌病斑的大小，并在温室中降低了病害严重程度。本研究以一种更具应用价值的方式证明，木霉菌通过产生挥发性化合物发挥的抗菌作用机制可以补充其他机制，如寄生和竞争，从而有助于提高菜豆植株白霉病的防治效率。
