School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
Department of Agriculture, Falkland Islands Government, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands.
Parasitology. 2023 Apr;150(5):416-425. doi: 10.1017/S0031182023000100. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Attempts to control cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by in the Falkland Islands have been ongoing for over 50 years. No human cases have been recorded since the 1980s but there is a need to establish if the parasite has been completely eliminated from domestic animals. A study was carried out in 2018/2019 to identify dogs infected with using copro-antigen and copro-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In addition, annual slaughter data were analysed to establish infection levels of and 2 other taeniid parasites. Results showed that 4 out of 589 dogs (0.7%) tested positive by copro-antigen analysis. Results from similar surveys carried out in 2010, 2012 and 2014 showed 17 (3%), 0 and 6 (1%) copro-antigen-positive dogs, respectively, with 8 dogs being confirmed by PCR in 2010. Annual abattoir data showed that from 2006 to 2020, 36 sheep were identified with (mean 0.0055%), 14 186 sheep with (mean 2.2%) and 465 with (mean 0.072%). Prevalences of and showed spontaneous rises in certain years where the infections could also be detected in lambs indicating that viable taeniid eggs were present. Observations of farm management procedures indicated that there were occasions when dogs could get access to infective taeniid material. In conclusion, is still present in sheep and dogs but at low prevalences. The increasing presence of however, indicates that control measures are defective in some areas and there is potential for a re-emergence of CE.
在福克兰群岛，人们为控制由细粒棘球绦虫引起的包虫病已经持续了 50 多年。自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，没有记录到人类感染病例，但仍需确定寄生虫是否已从家畜中完全消除。2018/2019 年开展了一项研究，使用粪抗原和粪聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析来确定感染细粒棘球绦虫的狗。此外，还分析了年度屠宰数据，以确定细粒棘球蚴和另外两种带绦虫寄生虫的感染水平。结果显示，589 只狗中有 4 只（0.7%）通过粪抗原分析呈阳性。2010 年、2012 年和 2014 年进行的类似调查结果显示，分别有 17 只（3%）、0 只和 6 只（1%）狗的粪抗原检测呈阳性，其中 8 只狗在 2010 年通过 PCR 确诊。屠宰场年度数据显示，从 2006 年到 2020 年，有 36 只绵羊被确诊感染细粒棘球蚴（平均 0.0055%），14186 只绵羊感染多房棘球绦虫（平均 2.2%），465 只绵羊感染少节棘球绦虫（平均 0.072%）。细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球绦虫的流行率在某些年份出现了自发上升，这些年份的羔羊也能检测到感染，表明存在有活力的带绦虫卵。对农场管理程序的观察表明，有时狗可能会接触到感染性的带绦虫物质。总之，细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球绦虫仍在绵羊和狗中存在，但流行率较低。然而，少节棘球绦虫的存在越来越多，表明某些地区的控制措施存在缺陷，有包虫病重新出现的潜在风险。
