Zhou Tianlong, Liu Shilong, Jiang Aiwu
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 24;14:1076523. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1076523. eCollection 2023.
The complex gut bacterial communities have a major impact on organismal health. However, knowledge of the effects of habitat change on the gut microbiota of wild birds is limited. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of two different subspecies of the Silver-eared Mesia (), the native subspecies () and immigrant subspecies (), using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. These two subspecies live in a trace metal-contaminated area, and was trafficked. They are an excellent system for studying how the gut microbiome of wild animal changes when they move to new habitats. We hypothesized that the immigrant subspecies would develop the same adaptations as the native subspecies in response to habitat changes. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the composition, diversity, or functional metabolism of gut microbiota between native and immigrant subspecies under the combined action of similar influencing factors (the values of all analyses of variance >0.05). In addition, the composition and functional metabolism of gut microbiota in two subspecies showed adaptation against trace metal damage. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that in the intestinal microbiota of immigrant subspecies was significantly higher than that of native subspecies, suggesting that immigrant subspecies suffered habitat change. Finally, we found that these two subspecies living in the mining area had an extremely high proportion of pathogenic bacteria in their gut microbiota (about 90%), much higher than in other species (about 50%) living in wild environment. Our results revealed the adaptation of intestinal microbiota of immigrant Silver-eared Mesias under heavy metals stress, which would provide guidance for biodiversity conservation and pollution management in mining area.
复杂的肠道细菌群落对机体健康有重大影响。然而，关于栖息地变化对野生鸟类肠道微生物群影响的了解有限。在本研究中，我们使用16S rRNA基因高通量测序对银耳相思鸟的两个不同亚种，即原生亚种（ ）和迁入亚种（ ）的肠道微生物群进行了特征分析。这两个亚种生活在一个受痕量金属污染的地区，且 被非法交易。它们是研究野生动物迁移到新栖息地时肠道微生物组如何变化的绝佳系统。我们假设迁入亚种会像原生亚种一样，针对栖息地变化产生相同的适应性变化。结果表明，在相似影响因素的共同作用下（所有方差分析的 值>0.05），原生亚种和迁入亚种的肠道微生物群在组成、多样性或功能代谢方面没有显著差异。此外，两个亚种的肠道微生物群的组成和功能代谢表现出对痕量金属损伤的适应性。线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）分析显示，迁入亚种肠道微生物群中的 显著高于原生亚种，这表明迁入亚种经历了栖息地变化。最后，我们发现生活在矿区的这两个亚种的肠道微生物群中病原菌比例极高（约90%），远高于生活在野生环境中的其他物种（约50%）。我们的结果揭示了重金属胁迫下迁入银耳相思鸟肠道微生物群的适应性，这将为矿区生物多样性保护和污染治理提供指导。
