Choo Amadora Li En, Sim Llewellyn Shao-Jen, Sittampalam Kesavan, Tan Wei Chong, Tay Amos Zhi En, Nadarajah Ravichandran, Tan Veronique Kiak Mien, Sim Yirong
Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Oncol. 2023 Jan 25;12:1070744. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1070744. eCollection 2022.
Metastasis to the breast from extra-mammary malignancies are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Endometrial cancer, a common gynecological malignancy, often spreads to the pelvis, abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum or the lungs. Endometrial metastasis to the breast is extremely rare, and while there have been isolated case reports of endometrial serous carcinoma with breast metastasis, it has not been reported in the case of clear cell carcinoma. We present a rare case of a 70 year old Chinese lady who had a metastatic endometrial clear cell carcinoma with metastasis to the breast, mimicking an inflammatory breast cancer clinically. We reviewed the current literature and describe the challenges in differentiating primary from metastatic breast lesions, as well as clinical, radiological and histopathological features that may help to differentiate the two. Tumour metastasis to the breast lymphatic or hematogenous route can affect their radiological features: the former mimicking inflammatory breast cancer and the latter with features similar to benign breast lesions. Regardless, histological features with immunohistochemical staining is still the gold standard in diagnosing metastatic breast lesions and determining their tissue of origin. Breast metastases from extra-mammary malignancies are uncommon and it is even rarer for endometrial clear cell carcinoma to spread to the breast. Nonetheless, this case highlights the importance of keeping an open mind and engaging a multidisciplinary team for the care of complex patients.
乳腺外恶性肿瘤转移至乳腺的情况较为罕见,占所有乳腺癌的比例不到1%。子宫内膜癌是一种常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,常转移至盆腔、腹部淋巴结、腹膜或肺部。子宫内膜转移至乳腺极为罕见,虽然有孤立的子宫内膜浆液性癌伴乳腺转移的病例报告,但透明细胞癌转移至乳腺的情况尚未见报道。我们报告一例罕见病例,一名70岁中国女性患有转移性子宫内膜透明细胞癌并转移至乳腺,临床上酷似炎性乳腺癌。我们回顾了当前文献,并描述了区分原发性和转移性乳腺病变的挑战,以及有助于区分两者的临床、放射学和组织病理学特征。肿瘤通过淋巴或血行途径转移至乳腺会影响其放射学特征:前者酷似炎性乳腺癌,后者具有类似良性乳腺病变的特征。无论如何,组织学特征及免疫组化染色仍是诊断转移性乳腺病变及其组织来源的金标准。乳腺外恶性肿瘤转移至乳腺并不常见,子宫内膜透明细胞癌转移至乳腺则更为罕见。尽管如此,该病例凸显了保持开放思维并组建多学科团队来治疗复杂患者的重要性。
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