Go Kyeong-O, Kim Young Zoon
Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
Division of Neuro Oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2023 Jan;11(1):47-58. doi: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0044.
Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The treatment of non-benign meningiomas remains a challenging task, and after the publication of the 2021 World Health Organization classification, the importance of molecular biological classification is emerging. In this article, we introduce the mechanisms of brain invasion in atypical meningioma and review the genetic factors involved along with epigenetic regulation. First, it is important to understand the three major steps for brain invasion of meningeal cells: 1) degradation of extracellular matrix by proteases, 2) promotion of tumor cell migration to resident cells by adhesion molecules, and 3) neovascularization and supporting cells by growth factors. Second, the genomic landscape of meningiomas should be analyzed by major categories, such as germline mutations in and somatic mutations in non- genes (, , , , and ). Finally, epigenetic alterations in meningiomas are being studied, with a focus on DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Increasing knowledge of the molecular landscape of meningiomas has allowed the identification of prognostic and predictive markers that can guide therapeutic decision-making processes and the timing of follow-up.
脑膜瘤是成人中最常见的原发性脑肿瘤。非良性脑膜瘤的治疗仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务，在2021年世界卫生组织分类发布后，分子生物学分类的重要性日益凸显。在本文中，我们介绍非典型脑膜瘤脑侵袭的机制，并综述相关的遗传因素以及表观遗传调控。首先，了解脑膜细胞脑侵袭的三个主要步骤很重要：1）蛋白酶降解细胞外基质；2）黏附分子促进肿瘤细胞向驻留细胞迁移；3）生长因子诱导新生血管形成和支持细胞。其次，应按主要类别分析脑膜瘤的基因组格局，例如基因的种系突变和非基因（、、、、和）的体细胞突变。最后，目前正在研究脑膜瘤的表观遗传改变，重点是DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和RNA干扰。对脑膜瘤分子格局的了解不断增加，使得能够识别出可指导治疗决策过程和随访时机的预后和预测标志物。
