Aldoghachi Ahmed Faris, Loh Jit-Kai, Wang Mong-Lien, Yang Yi-Ping, Chien Chian-Shiu, Teh Hui Xin, Omar Alfaqih Hussain, Cheong Soon-Keng, Yeap Swee Keong, Ho Wan Yong, Ong Alan Han-Kiat
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Malaysia.
Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
J Chin Med Assoc. 2023 Apr 1;86(4):356-365. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000899. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from adult human tissues that have the ability to proliferate in vitro and maintain their multipotency, making them attractive cell sources for regenerative medicine. However, MSCs reportedly show limited proliferative capacity with inconsistent therapeutic outcomes due to their heterogeneous nature. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have emerged as an alternative source for the production of various specialized cell types via their ability to differentiate from all three primary germ layers, leading to applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug therapy. Notably, iPSCs can differentiate into MSCs in monolayer, commonly referred to as induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs). These cells show superior therapeutic qualities compared with adult MSCs as the applications of the latter are restricted by passage number and autoimmune rejection when applied in tissue regeneration trials. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that the therapeutic properties of stem cells are a consequence of the paracrine effects mediated by their secretome such as from exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle secreted by most cell types. Several studies that investigated the potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine and therapy have revealed promising results. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent findings of exosomes secreted from iMSCs as a potential noncell-based therapy.
间充质干细胞(MSCs)是源自成人组织的多能细胞,具有在体外增殖并维持其多能性的能力,这使其成为再生医学中颇具吸引力的细胞来源。然而,据报道,由于其异质性,MSCs的增殖能力有限,治疗效果也不一致。另一方面,诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)已成为一种替代来源,通过其从所有三个原始胚层分化的能力来产生各种特化细胞类型,从而在再生医学、疾病建模和药物治疗中得到应用。值得注意的是,iPSC可以在单层中分化为MSCs,通常称为诱导间充质干细胞(iMSCs)。与成人MSCs相比,这些细胞具有更好的治疗特性,因为后者在组织再生试验中的应用受到传代次数和自身免疫排斥的限制。此外,越来越多的证据表明,干细胞的治疗特性是其分泌组介导的旁分泌效应的结果,例如来自外泌体,这是大多数细胞类型分泌的一种细胞外囊泡。几项研究外泌体在再生医学和治疗中的潜力的研究已经取得了有希望的结果。因此,本综述重点关注iMSCs分泌的外泌体作为一种潜在的非细胞疗法的最新研究成果。
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