猴痘应对措施：从前公共卫生突发事件中汲取经验。

Responses to Monkeypox: Learning from Previous Public Health Emergencies.

机构信息

Barrister, Castan Chambers, Melbourne, Australia; Judge, Supreme Court of the Republic of Nauru; Professor of Law and Professorial Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Honorary Professor of Forensic Medicine, Monash University; Adjunct Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Associate Professor, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.

出版信息

J Law Med. 2022 Dec;29(4):967-986.

PMID:36763012

Abstract

Since the 1970s, the zoonotic disease monkeypox was reported as appearing in humans, principally in central and west Africa. However, from May 2022, escalating numbers of persons worldwide contracted it. On 23 July 2022, the World Health Organization declared this outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and initially observed that it was "concentrated among men who have sex with men, especially those with multiple sexual partners." The international public health response to monkeypox provides a litmus test to evaluate whether lessons have been learned from experiences of other infectious diseases in recent decades. This editorial identifies evidence of progress in the following areas: the declaration of a PHEIC in relation to monkeypox; some high-income countries' responses to monkeypox; naming of the virus, its variants and the disease it causes; protection of LGBTIQ+ communities and engagement of them to curb transmission of monkeypox; and efforts to ensure access to equitable vaccines.

摘要

自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，猴痘这种人畜共患病已在人类中报告出现，主要集中在中非和西非。然而，自 2022 年 5 月以来，全球越来越多的人感染了这种疾病。2022 年 7 月 23 日，世界卫生组织宣布此次猴痘疫情构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC），并最初观察到该疾病“主要集中在与男性发生性关系的男性中，尤其是那些有多个性伴侣的男性”。国际社会对猴痘的公共卫生应对措施提供了一个试金石，可评估其是否从近几十年来其他传染病的经验中吸取了教训。这篇社论确定了在以下领域取得进展的证据：与猴痘有关的国际关注的突发公共卫生事件的宣布；一些高收入国家对猴痘的反应；病毒、其变体和引起的疾病的命名；保护男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别、双性人和无性恋群体，并让他们参与遏制猴痘的传播；以及努力确保公平获得疫苗。