Hartmann Hendrik, Janssen Lieneke K, Herzog Nadine, Morys Filip, Fängström Daniel, Fallon Sean J, Horstmann Annette
Collaborative Research Centre 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Collaborative Research Centre 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Appetite. 2023 Apr 1;183:106477. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106477. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Animal studies indicate that a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFS) can change dopamine signal transmission in the brain, which could promote maladaptive behavior and decision-making. Such diet-induced changes may also explain observed alterations in the dopamine system in human obesity. Genetic variants that modulate dopamine transmission have been proposed to render some individuals more prone to potential effects of HFS. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of HFS with dopamine-dependent cognition in humans and how genetic variations might modulate this potential association. Using a questionnaire assessing the self-reported consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods, we investigated the association with diet by recruiting healthy young men that fall into the lower or upper end of that questionnaire (low fat/sugar group: LFS, n = 45; high fat/sugar group: HFS, n = 41) and explored the interaction of fat and sugar consumption with COMT ValMet and Taq1A genotype. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, male participants performed a working memory (WM) task that probes distractor-resistance and updating of WM representations. Logistic and linear regression models revealed no significant difference in WM performance between the two diet groups, nor an interaction with COMT ValMet or Taq1A genotype. Neural activation in task-related brain areas also did not differ between diet groups. Independent of diet group, higher BMI was associated with lower overall accuracy on the WM task. This cross-sectional study does not provide evidence for diet-related differences in WM stability and flexibility in men, nor for a predisposition of COMT ValMet or Taq1A genotype to the hypothesized detrimental effects of an HFS diet. Previously reported associations of BMI with WM seem to be independent of HFS intake in our male study sample.
动物研究表明，高脂/高糖饮食（HFS）会改变大脑中的多巴胺信号传递，这可能会促进适应不良行为和决策。这种饮食引起的变化也可能解释了人类肥胖中观察到的多巴胺系统改变。有人提出，调节多巴胺传递的基因变异会使一些个体更容易受到HFS的潜在影响。本研究的目的是调查HFS与人类多巴胺依赖性认知之间的关联，以及基因变异如何调节这种潜在关联。我们通过问卷调查评估了高脂/高糖食物的自我报告摄入量，招募了在该问卷低端或高端的健康年轻男性（低脂/低糖组：LFS，n = 45；高脂/高糖组：HFS，n = 41）来研究与饮食的关联，并探讨脂肪和糖摄入量与COMT ValMet和Taq1A基因型的相互作用。在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描期间，男性参与者执行了一项工作记忆（WM）任务，该任务探测干扰抗性和WM表征的更新。逻辑回归和线性回归模型显示，两个饮食组在WM表现上没有显著差异，与COMT ValMet或Taq1A基因型也没有相互作用。饮食组之间任务相关脑区的神经激活也没有差异。与饮食组无关，较高的BMI与WM任务的总体准确率较低相关。这项横断面研究没有提供证据表明男性在WM稳定性和灵活性方面存在与饮食相关的差异，也没有提供证据表明COMT ValMet或Taq1A基因型易受HFS饮食假设的有害影响。在我们的男性研究样本中，先前报道的BMI与WM的关联似乎与HFS摄入量无关。
