Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Annapolis, MD, USA.
Lancet. 2023 Feb 11;401(10375):486-502. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01931-6. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
Despite proven benefits, less than half of infants and young children globally are breastfed in accordance with the recommendations of WHO. In comparison, commercial milk formula (CMF) sales have increased to about US$55 billion annually, with more infants and young children receiving formula products than ever. This Series paper describes the CMF marketing playbook and its influence on families, health professionals, science, and policy processes, drawing on national survey data, company reports, case studies, methodical scoping reviews, and two multicountry research studies. We report how CMF sales are driven by multifaceted, well resourced marketing strategies that portray CMF products, with little or no supporting evidence, as solutions to common infant health and developmental challenges in ways that systematically undermine breastfeeding. Digital platforms substantially extend the reach and influence of marketing while circumventing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. Creating an enabling policy environment for breastfeeding that is free from commercial influence requires greater political commitment, financial investment, CMF industry transparency, and sustained advocacy. A framework convention on the commercial marketing of food products for infants and children is needed to end CMF marketing.
尽管母乳喂养有明确的益处，但全球只有不到一半的婴儿和幼儿按照世界卫生组织的建议进行母乳喂养。相比之下，商业配方奶（CMF）的销售额已增加到每年约 550 亿美元，接受配方奶产品的婴儿和幼儿比以往任何时候都多。本系列论文描述了 CMF 营销手段及其对家庭、卫生专业人员、科学和政策过程的影响，其依据是国家调查数据、公司报告、案例研究、系统全面的文献回顾以及两项多国家研究。我们报告了 CMF 销售是如何受到多方面、资源充足的营销策略的推动的，这些营销策略将 CMF 产品描述为解决常见婴儿健康和发育挑战的方法，尽管几乎没有或没有支持证据，但这些方法系统地破坏了母乳喂养。数字平台大大扩大了营销的范围和影响力，同时规避了《国际母乳代用品销售守则》。为母乳喂养创造一个不受商业影响的有利政策环境需要更大的政治承诺、财政投资、CMF 行业透明度和持续的宣传。需要制定一项关于婴儿和儿童食品商业营销的框架公约，以结束 CMF 营销。
