Sawatani Fumiya, Ide Kaoru, Takahashi Susumu
Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.
Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Mar;199:107731. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107731. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Animals appear to possess an internal timer during action, based on the passage of time. However, the neural underpinnings of the perception of time, ranging from seconds to minutes, remain unclear. Herein, we considered the neural representation of time based on mounting evidence on the neural correlates of time perception. The passage of time in the brain is represented by two types of neural encoding as follows: (i) the modulation of firing rates in single neurons and (ii) the sequential activity in neural ensembles. Time-dependent neural activity reflects the relative time rather than the absolute time, similar to a clock. They emerge in multiple regions, including the hippocampus, medial and lateral entorhinal cortices, medial prefrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum. Moreover, they involve different brain regions, depending on an implicit or explicit event duration. Thus, the two types of internal timers distributed across multiple brain regions simultaneously engage in time perception, in response to implicit or explicit time demands.
动物在行动过程中似乎拥有一个基于时间流逝的内部计时器。然而，从秒到分钟的时间感知的神经基础仍不清楚。在此，基于关于时间感知的神经相关性的越来越多的证据，我们考虑了时间的神经表征。大脑中时间的流逝由两种类型的神经编码表示如下：(i) 单个神经元放电率的调制和 (ii) 神经集合中的顺序活动。与时钟类似，依赖时间的神经活动反映的是相对时间而非绝对时间。它们出现在多个区域，包括海马体、内侧和外侧内嗅皮质、内侧前额叶皮质和背侧纹状体。此外，根据隐式或显式的事件持续时间，它们涉及不同的脑区。因此，分布在多个脑区的两种类型的内部计时器同时参与时间感知，以响应隐式或显式的时间需求。
