Zoli Michele, Mantovi Paolo, Ferrari Paolo, Ferrari Lorenzo, Ferrante Valentina
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Fondazione CRPA Studi Ricerche, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jan 25;13(3):401. doi: 10.3390/ani13030401.
To evaluate the nutrient load due to the grazing of laying hens in outdoor runs, monitoring of soil characteristics was conducted in three Italian organic farms. For each farm, soil samples were taken from three increasing distances from the hen house and two depths, and different chemical parameters were evaluated. The comparison among the results from the different distances shows that N-NO and Olsen P are the most affected parameters by hen feces: both present high values with a statistically significant difference in the area close to the poultry house and for the most superficial layer. Even TKN and TOC show significant differences between the concentrations of the first layer (more concentrated) and those of the second layer (less concentrated). In general, the surface soil layer closest to the chicken house is the portion of the outdoor run most affected by chicken droppings and represents the most critical point in terms of potential environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the management of the outdoor run with tools that can facilitate the grazing of animals and with vegetation that can absorb nutrients by limiting leaching and runoff.
为评估蛋鸡在室外活动场放牧造成的养分负荷，在意大利的三个有机农场开展了土壤特性监测。对于每个农场，从距离鸡舍越来越远的三个位置以及两个深度采集土壤样本，并评估不同的化学参数。不同距离结果的比较表明，N-NO和奥尔森磷是受鸡粪影响最大的参数：在靠近禽舍的区域以及最表层，二者均呈现高值且具有统计学显著差异。总凯氏氮和总有机碳在第一层（浓度更高）和第二层（浓度更低）的浓度之间也显示出显著差异。总体而言，最靠近鸡舍的表层土壤是室外活动场受鸡粪影响最大的部分，就潜在环境影响而言也是最关键的点。因此，有必要加强室外活动场的管理，采用有助于动物放牧的工具以及能够通过限制淋溶和径流来吸收养分的植被。
