Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 19;20(3):1870. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031870.
No single effective therapy for alcohol abuse has been found, despite it being a serious sociological and economic problem for hundreds of years. It seems difficult to find a single drug as a panacea for the alcohol problem due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. The purpose of this narrative review is to review existing and potentially future pharmaceuticals for the treatment of alcohol dependence in the most affordable way possible. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for alcoholism, while few drugs approved by legislators are available in the augmentation of this treatment, such as acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone, approved by the FDA, and nalmefene by the EMA. There are recent reports in the literature on the possibility of using baclofen, topiramate, varenicline, and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Moreover, the results of recent clinical trials using psychoactive substances such as psilocybin and MDMA appear to be a breakthrough in the modern treatment of alcohol abuse. Despite this initial optimism, a lot of scientific effort is still needed before new pharmacological methods supporting the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome will be widely available.
尽管数百年来酗酒一直是一个严重的社会学和经济学问题，但目前仍未找到一种单一有效的治疗方法。由于酒精依赖的病理生理学十分复杂，因此似乎难以找到一种单一的药物作为治疗酒精问题的万能药。本综述的目的是尽可能以最经济的方式回顾现有的和潜在的未来可用于治疗酒精依赖的药物。心理治疗是治疗酗酒的主要方法，而立法者批准的几种药物可作为这种治疗方法的辅助手段，如 FDA 批准的安非他酮、双硫仑和纳曲酮，以及 EMA 批准的纳美芬。文献中有最近的报道称，巴氯芬、托吡酯、伐伦克林和加巴喷丁可能用于治疗酒精依赖。此外，最近使用致幻剂如裸盖菇素和 MDMA 等进行的临床试验结果似乎是现代治疗酒精滥用的一个突破。尽管有这种初步的乐观情绪，但在广泛提供支持治疗酒精依赖综合征的新的药理学方法之前，仍需要大量的科学努力。
