Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 1;20(3):2654. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032654.
This study investigated changes in the composition of the cation exchange capacity of soil samples caused by the acid leaching of soil cations under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the properties of forest soils. The potential influence of the species composition of stands (beech and fir) was also investigated. Eighty soil samples from the topsoil of plots located in central Poland were analyzed. Soil samples were leached 0 (non-leached), 5, 10, and 15 times and then analyzed to determine the contents of cations (Al, Ca, K, and Mg), the total carbon content, and the pH. From NIR spectra obtained by scanning 54 samples and measurement results for soil sample properties, a calibration model was developed. The model was validated using 26 independent samples. The results showed that acid leaching decreased the pH of soil solutions and the carbon content. The amounts of Al, Ca, K, and Mg decreased with an increasing number of leaching treatments, but most leaching had occurred after five treatments. Data analysis showed that leaching with hydrochloric acid depleted alkaline cations and Al in the soil, which reduced the stability of organic matter, causing its release. Modification of ion exchange properties is observable based on the analysis of the NIR spectra. Good calibration results were achieved for all tested parameters (RC ≥ 0.89). The best validation results were obtained for Al and C contents under fir stands, and for the pH and Al content of soils under beech stands (RV > 0.8). However, the differences between the measured and estimated mean values of the investigated soil were relatively small (no significant difference, > 0.05). The species composition of stands (beech and fir) had no impact on the developed mathematical models. Soil assessment using NIR spectroscopy allowed calibration models to be obtained, which were successfully used to calculate soil properties at a much lower cost and in a much shorter time compared with other laboratory methods. The results of the paper affirmed that using a relatively small number of samples (3-4) to calculate an average of soil content properties provided satisfactory results.
本研究在实验室条件下研究了土壤阳离子酸浸过程中土壤阳离子交换容量组成的变化。此外，还使用近红外（NIR）光谱法评估森林土壤的性质。研究了林分（山毛榉和冷杉）的物种组成的潜在影响。对位于波兰中部的地块表土的 80 个土壤样本进行了分析。对土壤样本进行了 0（未浸提）、5、10 和 15 次浸提，然后对浸提后土壤中阳离子（Al、Ca、K 和 Mg）含量、总碳含量和 pH 值进行了分析。从扫描 54 个样本获得的 NIR 光谱和土壤样本特性测量结果中，建立了一个校准模型。使用 26 个独立样本对模型进行了验证。结果表明，酸浸降低了土壤溶液的 pH 值和碳含量。随着浸提处理次数的增加，Al、Ca、K 和 Mg 的含量减少，但大多数浸提在五次处理后就已经发生了。数据分析表明，盐酸浸提消耗了土壤中的碱性阳离子和 Al，降低了有机质的稳定性，导致其释放。根据 NIR 光谱分析可以观察到离子交换性质的变化。所有测试参数（RC≥0.89）都取得了良好的校准结果。在冷杉林下，Al 和 C 含量以及山毛榉林下土壤的 pH 值和 Al 含量的验证结果最好（RV＞0.8）。然而，与所测和估计的土壤平均数值之间的差异相对较小（无显著差异，p＞0.05）。林分的物种组成（山毛榉和冷杉）对所建立的数学模型没有影响。利用近红外光谱对土壤进行评估，可以获得校准模型，与其他实验室方法相比，使用这些模型可以以更低的成本和更短的时间计算土壤特性。该研究结果证实，使用相对较少的样本（3-4 个）来计算土壤含量特性的平均值可以得到令人满意的结果。
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