Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 17;24(3):1861. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031861.
Many studies indicate an important role of microglia and their cytokines in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia are the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have many functions, such as being "controllers" of the CNS homeostasis in pathological and healthy conditions, playing a key role in the active immune defense of the CNS. Macroglia exhibit a dual role, depending on the phenotype they adopt. First, they can exhibit neurotoxic effects, which are harmful in the case of MS. However, they also show neuroprotective and regenerative effects in this disease. Many of the effects of microglia are mediated through the cytokines they secrete, which have either positive or negative properties. Neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects can be mediated by microglia via lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon. On the other hand, the mediators of anti-inflammatory and protective effects secreted by microglia can be, for example, interleukin-4 and -13. Further investigation into the role of microglia in MS pathophysiology may perhaps lead to the discovery of new therapies for MS, as recent research in this area has been very promising.
许多研究表明小胶质细胞及其细胞因子在多发性硬化症（MS）的病理生理学中起着重要作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的巨噬细胞。它们具有许多功能，例如在病理和生理条件下作为 CNS 内稳态的“控制器”，在 CNS 的主动免疫防御中发挥关键作用。巨胶质细胞表现出双重作用，具体取决于它们所采用的表型。首先，它们可以表现出神经毒性作用，在 MS 的情况下是有害的。然而，它们在这种疾病中也表现出神经保护和再生作用。小胶质细胞的许多作用是通过它们分泌的细胞因子介导的，这些细胞因子具有正或负的特性。通过脂多糖和γ干扰素，小胶质细胞可以介导神经毒性和促炎作用。另一方面，小胶质细胞分泌的抗炎和保护作用的介质可以是白细胞介素-4 和白细胞介素-13。对小胶质细胞在 MS 病理生理学中的作用的进一步研究可能会发现针对 MS 的新疗法，因为该领域的最新研究非常有前景。
