Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 18;24(3):1928. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031928.
Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) refers to several pathological and hemodynamic alterations of the veins of lower limbs causing a wide range of symptoms and signs with a high prevalence in the general population and with disabling consequences in the most severe forms. The etiology and pathophysiology of CVD is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, proteomic, and cellular mechanisms that result in changes to the venous structure and functions. Expressions of several genes associated with angiogenesis, vascular development, and the regulation of veins are responsible for the susceptibility to CVD. Current evidence shows that several extracellular matrix alterations (ECM) could be identified and in some cases pharmacologically targeted. This review shows the most up to date information on molecular determinants of CVD in order to provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on this topic. In particular, the article explores the genetic influence, the hormonal influence, ECM imbalance, and histopathology of CVD and the role of endothelial dysfunction in CVD.
慢性静脉疾病（CVD）是指下肢静脉的几种病理和血流动力学改变，导致广泛的症状和体征，在普通人群中发病率很高，在最严重的形式中具有致残后果。CVD 的病因和病理生理学是复杂的、多因素的，涉及遗传、蛋白质组学和细胞机制，导致静脉结构和功能的改变。与血管生成、血管发育和静脉调节相关的几种基因的表达导致了 CVD 的易感性。目前的证据表明，已经可以识别出几种细胞外基质改变（ECM），并且在某些情况下可以进行药理学靶向治疗。本综述介绍了 CVD 的分子决定因素的最新信息，以便对这一主题的现有知识提供全面的概述。特别是，文章探讨了 CVD 的遗传影响、激素影响、细胞外基质失衡和组织病理学以及内皮功能障碍在 CVD 中的作用。
