Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 18;24(3):1945. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031945.
The cryopreservation of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for infertility. However, cryopreservation itself induces cryoinjury due to oxidative and osmotic stress, leading to reduction in the survival rate and functionality of SSCs. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) are expressed during the self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs, making them key tools for identifying the functionality of SSCs. To the best of our knowledge, the involvement of GFRα1 and PLZF in determining the functionality of SSCs after cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to determine the role of GFRα1 and PLZF as biomarkers for evaluating the functionality of SSCs in cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention. Therapeutic intervention, such as the use of antioxidants, and enhancement in cryopreservation protocols, such as cell encapsulation, cryoprotectant agents (CPA), and equilibrium of time and temperature increase the expression of GFRα1 and PLZF, resulting in maintaining the functionality of SSCs. In conclusion, GFRα1 and PLZF have the potential as biomarkers in cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention of SSCs to ensure the functionality of the stem cells.
精原干细胞（SSCs）的冷冻保存已被广泛用作治疗不孕不育的替代方法。然而，冷冻保存本身会因氧化和渗透应激而导致冷冻损伤，从而降低 SSCs 的存活率和功能。胶质细胞衍生的神经营养因子家族受体 alpha 1（GFRα1）和早幼粒细胞白血病锌指（PLZF）在 SSCs 的自我更新和分化过程中表达，使其成为鉴定 SSCs 功能的关键工具。据我们所知，在治疗干预的冷冻保存后，GFRα1 和 PLZF 参与决定 SSCs 的功能的情况有限。因此，本综述的目的是确定 GFRα1 和 PLZF 作为生物标志物在治疗干预的冷冻保存中评估 SSCs 功能的作用。治疗干预，如使用抗氧化剂，以及增强冷冻保存方案，如细胞包封、冷冻保护剂（CPA）和时间和温度平衡，可增加 GFRα1 和 PLZF 的表达，从而维持 SSCs 的功能。总之，GFRα1 和 PLZF 有可能成为 SSCs 治疗干预冷冻保存中确保干细胞功能的生物标志物。
