Validation of the Reference Genes for Expression Analysis in the Hippocampus after Transient Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Brain.

Transient brain ischemia in gerbils is a common model to study the mechanisms of neuronal changes in the hippocampus. In cornu ammonnis 2-3, dentate gyrus (CA2-3,DG) regions of the hippocampus, neurons are resistant to 5-min ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult, while cornu ammonnis 1 (CA1) is found to be I/R-vulnerable. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is widely used to study the expression of genes involved in these phenomena. It requires stable and reliable genes for normalization, which is crucial for comparable and reproducible analyses of expression changes of the genes of interest. The aim of this study was to determine the best housekeeping gene for the I/R gerbil model in two parts of the hippocampus in controls and at 3, 48, and 72 h after recanalization. We selected and tested six reference genes frequently used in central nervous system studies: , , , , , , and additionally , using RefFinder, a comprehensive tool based on four commonly used algorithms: delta cycle threshold (Ct), BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm, while and were the most stable ones in CA2-3,DG. was the most stable in the whole hippocampal formation. This indicates that the general use of , especially in combination with , a highly expressed reference gene, seems to be suitable for qRT-PCR normalization in all hippocampal regions in this model.