Bouris Ella, Davis Tyler, Morales Esteban, Grassi Lourdes, Salazar Vega Diana, Caprioli Joseph
Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Department of Computer Science, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 3;12(3):1217. doi: 10.3390/jcm12031217.
This study describes the development of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated assessment of optic disc photograph quality. Using a code-free deep learning platform, a total of 2377 optic disc photographs were used to develop a deep CNN capable of determining optic disc photograph quality. Of these, 1002 were good-quality images, 609 were acceptable-quality, and 766 were poor-quality images. The dataset was split 80/10/10 into training, validation, and test sets and balanced for quality. A ternary classification model (good, acceptable, and poor quality) and a binary model (usable, unusable) were developed. In the ternary classification system, the model had an overall accuracy of 91% and an AUC of 0.98. The model had higher predictive accuracy for images of good (93%) and poor quality (96%) than for images of acceptable quality (91%). The binary model performed with an overall accuracy of 98% and an AUC of 0.99. When validated on 292 images not included in the original training/validation/test dataset, the model's accuracy was 85% on the three-class classification task and 97% on the binary classification task. The proposed system for automated image-quality assessment for optic disc photographs achieves high accuracy in both ternary and binary classification systems, and highlights the success achievable with a code-free platform. There is wide clinical and research potential for such a model, with potential applications ranging from integration into fundus camera software to provide immediate feedback to ophthalmic photographers, to prescreening large databases before their use in research.
本研究描述了一种用于自动评估视盘照片质量的卷积神经网络(CNN)的开发。使用一个无需编码的深度学习平台,共2377张视盘照片被用于开发一个能够确定视盘照片质量的深度CNN。其中,1002张是高质量图像,609张是可接受质量的图像,766张是低质量图像。数据集按80/10/10划分为训练集、验证集和测试集,并按质量进行了平衡处理。开发了一个三元分类模型(高质量、可接受质量和低质量)和一个二元模型(可用、不可用)。在三元分类系统中,该模型的总体准确率为91%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.98。该模型对高质量(93%)和低质量(96%)图像的预测准确率高于对可接受质量图像(91%)的预测准确率。二元模型的总体准确率为98%,AUC为0.99。当在原始训练/验证/测试数据集中未包含的292张图像上进行验证时,该模型在三类分类任务中的准确率为85%,在二元分类任务中的准确率为97%。所提出的视盘照片自动图像质量评估系统在三元和二元分类系统中均实现了高精度,并突出了无需编码平台所能取得的成功。这种模型具有广泛的临床和研究潜力,其潜在应用范围从集成到眼底相机软件中为眼科摄影师提供即时反馈,到在用于研究之前对大型数据库进行预筛选。