Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha 13736, Egypt.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 17;28(3):940. doi: 10.3390/molecules28030940.
Numerous food organizations have identified excessive calorie consumption and accompanying ailments as significant health risks associated with high sugar consumption. Administering stevioside (ST), sucralose (SU), and the two synergically (SU+ST) affected normal rats' weight gain. In the current study, SU showed the highest undesired effect. Indeed, administering the three treatments to diabetic rats (DR) did not improve the rats' weight gain. Although, insulin injection synergically with the treatments improved the weight gain, as recorded after three weeks. The best-improving rate was observed in the ST group. After the administration of ST and ST+SU to the DR, the blood glucose level (GL) was positively affected, with SU having no effects on reducing the GL. A considerable reduction in serum insulin (SIL) was noted in the DR+SU group. On the contrary, ST did not negatively affect the SIL, rather an improvement was recorded. In addition, giving SU did not significantly affect the ALT level in the DR or normal rats (NR). A significant improvement in total bilirubin (TBILI) was observed when insulin was injected with ST or SU in DR groups. Further, triglycerides (TG) after administering ST, SU, or ST+SU to NR had no significant difference compared to the control group (NR). Although, the three treatments markedly but not significantly lowered TG in the DR. For total cholesterol (CHO), both DR and NR had no significant effect after the three treatments. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the NR group. Diffuse and severe atrophy of the islands of Langerhans due to depletion of their cells and mild papillary hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts were represented by a slightly folded ductal basement membrane and newly formed ductules in STZ-DR. Simultaneous atrophy and absence of the cells of islands of Langerhans besides ductal hyperplasia were evident in DR+SU. Hyperplastic ductal epithelium and atrophic Langerhans cells were seen in DR+SU+In. Degeneration and mild atrophy were observed in the islands of Langerhans structures. There was essentially no noticeable change after utilizing ST. A slight shrinkage of the Langerhans' islets was detected in DR+ST. In DR+ST+In, no histopathological alterations in the islands of Langerhans were recorded. Congestion in the stromal blood vessels associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the cells of the islands of Langerhans in DR+SU+ST was observed. In NR+SU, congestion of the blood vessels associated with mild atrophy in the islands of Langerhans and dilatation in stromal blood vessels was noticed. In conclusion, ST is safe, and SU should be taken cautiously, such as mixing with ST and/or taken at a very low concentration to avoid its drastic effect on the human body.
许多食品组织已经确定，过量摄入卡路里以及随之而来的疾病是与高糖摄入相关的重大健康风险。给予甜菊糖苷（ST）、三氯蔗糖（SU）和两者协同作用（SU+ST）都会影响正常大鼠的体重增加。在本研究中，SU 表现出最高的不良影响。实际上，给糖尿病大鼠（DR）施用这三种治疗方法并没有改善大鼠的体重增加。然而，胰岛素注射与这些治疗方法协同作用，可在三周后记录到体重增加。在 ST 组中观察到改善率最高。在给 DR 施用 ST 和 ST+SU 后，血糖水平（GL）受到积极影响，而 SU 对降低 GL 没有影响。在 DR+SU 组中，血清胰岛素（SIL）显著降低。相反，ST 对 SIL 没有负面影响，反而记录到改善。此外，给 SU 不会显著影响 DR 或正常大鼠（NR）的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平。在 DR 组中，当胰岛素与 ST 或 SU 一起注射时，总胆红素（TBILI）显著改善。此外，在 NR 中，给 NR 施用 ST、SU 或 ST+SU 后，三酰甘油（TG）与对照组（NR）相比没有显著差异。尽管如此，这三种治疗方法在 DR 中显著但无统计学意义地降低了 TG。对于总胆固醇（CHO），在接受三种治疗后，DR 和 NR 均无明显影响。NR 组未记录到组织病理学改变。由于细胞耗竭和胰腺导管轻微乳头状增生，STZ-DR 中的胰岛出现弥漫性和严重萎缩，导管基底膜轻微折叠，形成新的导管。在 DR+SU 中，同时存在导管增生和胰岛细胞缺失。在 DR+SU+In 中，可见增生的导管上皮和萎缩的胰岛细胞。在胰岛结构中观察到退行性和轻度萎缩。在使用 ST 后基本上没有明显变化。在 DR+ST 中，检测到胰岛的轻微收缩。在 DR+ST+In 中，未记录到胰岛的组织病理学改变。在 DR+SU+ST 中，观察到与胰岛细胞退行性和坏死变化相关的间质血管充血。在 NR+SU 中，观察到与胰岛轻度萎缩和间质血管扩张相关的血管充血。总之，ST 是安全的，而 SU 应该谨慎使用，例如与 ST 混合使用和/或以非常低的浓度使用，以避免其对人体产生剧烈影响。
