Mattes R D, Arnold C, Boraas M
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Cancer Treat Rep. 1987 Nov;71(11):1071-8.
Aversions that form towards foods after their ingestion has been associated with illness are termed learned food aversions (LFA). This adverse treatment side effect has been implicated in the anorexia of cancer and can compromise the quality of patients' lives. In an attempt to block the formation or ameliorate the manifestations of this treatment sequela, a nutritionally inconsequential "scapegoat" food was presented to patients just prior to their first course of therapy. The hypothesis was that treatment-related aversions would be targeted towards the scapegoat, thereby sparing acceptable and nutrient-dense items in the patient's typical diet. LFA were observed in 55.3% of 76 patients receiving chemotherapy for different cancers. Following formation of a scapegoat aversion, the incidence of LFA was only 11.1% (two of 18) during the 6-month follow-up period. In contrast, 48.4% (15 of 31) of the patients not exposed to the scapegoat formed LFA. More than twice as many patients with treatment-related LFA had a pretreatment histology of the problem, suggesting the presence of a subgroup of high-risk patients. Strategies for improving upon the present results are discussed.
食物摄入后形成的对食物的厌恶感若与疾病相关，则被称为习得性食物厌恶（LFA）。这种不良的治疗副作用与癌症患者的厌食症有关，会影响患者的生活质量。为了阻止这种治疗后遗症的形成或改善其表现，在患者首次接受治疗前给他们提供一种营养上无关紧要的“替罪羊”食物。假设是与治疗相关的厌恶感会针对替罪羊，从而使患者日常饮食中可接受且营养丰富的食物得以保留。在76名接受不同癌症化疗的患者中，55.3%观察到了习得性食物厌恶。形成对替罪羊的厌恶感后，在6个月的随访期内，习得性食物厌恶的发生率仅为11.1%（18例中有2例）。相比之下，未接触替罪羊的患者中有48.4%（31例中有15例）形成了习得性食物厌恶。与治疗相关的习得性食物厌恶患者中，有预处理组织学问题的患者数量是前者的两倍多，这表明存在一个高危患者亚组。文中讨论了改善当前结果的策略。
