Bernstein I L
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;443:365-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27086.x.
The studies included in this chapter examine the learned food aversions that develop as a result of cancer and cancer treatment. Clinical studies have shown that cancer patients can develop learned aversions to a novel ice cream flavor when it is consumed before drug treatments that produce nausea and vomiting. They also provided evidence that patients can acquire aversions to food in their usual diets when these foods are eaten before similar drug treatments. Observations in the clinic, supported by complementary studies with animal models, suggest that learned aversions are more likely to arise to protein foods than to other nutrient sources and that the presentation of a novel food in association with drug treatments may act as a "scapegoat" in blocking the development of aversions to foods in the normal diet. Laboratory studies using transplantable tumors in rats have shown that tumor growth can be associated with the development of strong aversions to the available diet. These aversions are specific to the diet eaten during tumor growth and they appear to play a causal role in the development of tumor-induced anorexia. The food aversions apparent in animals with certain experimental tumors point to physiological consequences of tumor growth that act as unconditioned stimuli in taste aversion conditioning. The identification of these changes and development of methods for correcting them are the current goals of our research in this area.
本章纳入的研究探讨了因癌症及癌症治疗而形成的习得性食物厌恶。临床研究表明，癌症患者在接受会引发恶心和呕吐的药物治疗前食用一种新型冰淇淋口味后，会对其产生习得性厌恶。研究还提供证据表明，患者在接受类似药物治疗前食用日常饮食中的食物时，也会对这些食物产生厌恶。临床观察以及动物模型的补充研究表明，相较于其他营养来源，习得性厌恶更易出现在蛋白质类食物上，而且在药物治疗时呈现一种新型食物可能会充当“替罪羊”，从而阻止对正常饮食中食物产生厌恶。利用大鼠可移植肿瘤进行的实验室研究表明，肿瘤生长可能与对现有饮食产生强烈厌恶有关。这些厌恶是特定于肿瘤生长期间所吃的饮食，而且它们似乎在肿瘤诱发的厌食症发展过程中起到了因果作用。患有某些实验性肿瘤的动物身上明显出现的食物厌恶指向肿瘤生长的生理后果，这些后果在味觉厌恶条件反射中充当无条件刺激。识别这些变化并开发纠正它们的方法是我们目前在该领域研究的目标。
