Sahu Abhispa, Dosi Raghav, Kwiatkowski Carly, Schmal Stephen, Poler Jordan C
American Nano, LLC, 2011 Muddy Creek Road, Clemmons, NC 27012, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jan 20;15(3):540. doi: 10.3390/polym15030540.
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in polymer nanocomposite membranes due to the inclusion of unique features that enhance water and wastewater treatment performance. Compared to the pristine membranes, the incorporation of nanomodifiers not only improves membrane performance (water permeability, salt rejection, contaminant removal, selectivity), but also the intrinsic properties (hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling properties, antimicrobial properties, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability) of these membranes. This review focuses on applications of different types of nanomaterials: zero-dimensional (metal/metal oxide nanoparticles), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene and associated structures), and three-dimensional (zeolites and associated frameworks) nanomaterials combined with polymers towards novel polymeric nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment applications. This review will show that combinations of nanomaterials and polymers impart enhanced features into the pristine membrane; however, the underlying issues associated with the modification processes and environmental impact of these membranes are less obvious. This review also highlights the utility of computational methods toward understanding the structural and functional properties of the membranes. Here, we highlight the fabrication methods, advantages, challenges, environmental impact, and future scope of these advanced polymeric nanocomposite membrane based systems for water and wastewater treatment applications.
由于纳米材料具有独特的特性，能够提高水和废水处理性能，因此已被广泛应用于聚合物纳米复合膜中。与原始膜相比，加入纳米改性剂不仅能提高膜的性能（水渗透性、脱盐率、污染物去除率、选择性），还能改善这些膜的固有特性（亲水性、孔隙率、抗污染性能、抗菌性能、机械、热和化学稳定性）。本综述重点关注不同类型纳米材料的应用：零维（金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒）、一维（碳纳米管）、二维（石墨烯及相关结构）和三维（沸石及相关骨架）纳米材料与聚合物结合，用于制备新型聚合物纳米复合材料以应用于水和废水处理。本综述将表明，纳米材料与聚合物的结合赋予了原始膜增强的特性；然而，与这些膜的改性过程和环境影响相关的潜在问题并不那么明显。本综述还强调了计算方法在理解膜的结构和功能特性方面的作用。在此，我们重点介绍这些基于先进聚合物纳米复合膜的系统在水和废水处理应用中的制备方法、优点、挑战、环境影响以及未来发展前景。
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