城市低收入社区成年人的食物环境变化与 BMI 变化之间的差异关联。
Differential Associations Between Changes in Food Environment and Changes in BMI Among Adults Living in Urban, Low-Income Communities.
机构信息
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2022 Nov;152(11):2582-2590. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac186. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
BACKGROUND
Food environments can contribute to excess weight gain among adults, but the evidence is mixed.
OBJECTIVES
This longitudinal study investigated the associations between changes in the food environment and changes in BMI in adults and whether changes in the food environment differentially impact various subgroups.
METHODS
At 2 time points, BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight data from 517 adults (mean age, 41 years) living in 4 New Jersey cities. The counts of different types of food outlets within 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 km of respondents' residences were collected at baseline and tracked until follow-up. A binary measure of social standing (social-advantage group, n = 219; social-disadvantage group, n = 298) was created through a latent class analysis using social, economic, and demographic variables. Multivariable linear regression modeled the associations between changes in BMI with measures of the food environment; additionally, interaction terms between the measures of food environment and social standing were examined.
RESULTS
Overall, over 18 months, an increase in the number of small grocery stores within 0.4 km of a respondent's residence was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -1.0; 95% CI: -1.9, -0.1; P = 0.024), while an increase in the number of fast-food restaurants within 1.6 km was associated with an increase in BMI (β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.2; P = 0.027). These overall findings, however, masked some group-specific associations. Interaction analyses suggested that associations between changes in the food environment and changes in BMI varied by social standing. For instance, the association between changes in fast-food restaurants and changes in BMI was only observed in the social-disadvantage group (β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.2; P = 0.021).
CONCLUSIONS
In a sample of adults living in New Jersey, changes in the food environment had differential effects on individuals' BMIs, based on their social standing.
背景
食物环境可能导致成年人体重增加，但证据不一。
目的
本纵向研究调查了成年人的食物环境变化与 BMI 变化之间的关联，以及食物环境的变化是否对不同人群产生不同的影响。
方法
在 2 个时间点，使用居住在新泽西州 4 个城市的 517 名成年人（平均年龄 41 岁）的自我报告身高和体重数据计算 BMI。在基线和随访期间，收集了受访者住所 0.4、0.8 和 1.6 公里范围内不同类型食品店的数量。通过使用社会、经济和人口统计学变量的潜在类别分析创建了一个社会地位（社会优势组，n=219；社会劣势组，n=298）的二分测量。多变量线性回归模型用于研究 BMI 变化与食物环境测量之间的关联；此外，还检查了食物环境测量与社会地位之间的交互项。
结果
总体而言，在 18 个月内，受访者住所 0.4 公里范围内小型杂货店数量的增加与 BMI 的下降相关（β=-1.0；95%置信区间：-1.9，-0.1；P=0.024），而 1.6 公里范围内快餐店数量的增加与 BMI 的增加相关（β=0.1；95%置信区间：0.01，0.2；P=0.027）。然而，这些总体发现掩盖了一些特定群体的关联。交互分析表明，食物环境变化与 BMI 变化之间的关联因社会地位而异。例如，仅在社会劣势组中观察到快餐店变化与 BMI 变化之间的关联（β=0.1；95%置信区间：0.02，0.2；P=0.021）。
结论
在新泽西州的成年人样本中，食物环境的变化对个体的 BMI 产生了不同的影响，这取决于他们的社会地位。
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